[RFC/PATCH 0/2] here-doc test bodies

[RFC/PATCH 0/2] here-doc test bodies

[Jeff King]

I've been wanting to do this for years, but after getting bitten by a
misplaced quote the other day, I finally did. This series allows you to
do:

  test_expect_success <<\EOT
          something 'with single quotes'
  EOT

Thoughts?

The first patch is the implementation. The second one shows it off.

  [1/2]: test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs
  [2/2]: t1404: convert to here-doc test bodies

 t/README                     |   8 +
 t/t1404-update-ref-errors.sh | 274 +++++++++++++++++------------------
 t/test-lib-functions.sh      |  30 +++-
 3 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-)

-Peff

[PATCH 1/2] test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs

[Jeff King]

Most test snippets are wrapped in single quotes, like:

  test_expect_success 'some description' '
          do_something
  '

This sometimes makes the snippets awkward to write, because you can't
easily use single quotes. We sometimes work around this with $SQ, or by
loosening regexes to use "." instead of a literal quote, or by using
double quotes when we'd prefer to use single-quotes (and just adding
extra backslash-escapes to avoid interpolation).

This commit adds another option: feeding the snippet on the function's
stdin. This doesn't conflict with anything the snippet would want to do,
because we always redirect its stdin from /dev/null anyway (which we'll
continue to do).

A few notes on the implementation:

  - it would be nice to push this down into test_run_, but we can't, as
    test_expect_success and test_expect_failure want to see the actual
    script content to report it for verbose-mode. A helper function
    limits the amount of duplication in those callers here.

  - The helper function is a little awkward to call, as you feed it the
    name of the variable you want to set. The more natural thing in
    shell would be command substitution like:

      body=$(body_or_stdin "$2")

    but that loses trailing whitespace. There are tricks around this,
    like:

      body=$(body_or_stdin "$2"; printf '.)
      body=${body%.}

    but we'd prefer to keep such tricks in the helper, not in each
    caller.

  - I implemented the helper using a sequence of "read" calls. Together
    with "-r" and unsetting the IFS, this preserves incoming whitespace.
    An alternative is to use "cat" (which then requires the gross "."
    trick above). But this saves us a process, which is probably a good
    thing. The "read" builtin does use more read() syscalls than
    necessary (one per byte), but that is almost certainly a win over a
    separate process.

    Both are probably slower than passing a single-quoted string, but
    the difference is lost in the noise for a script that I converted as
    an experiment.

  - I handle test_expect_success and test_expect_failure here. If we
    like this style, we could easily extend it to other spots (e.g.,
    lazy_prereq bodies) on top of this patch.

  - even though we are using "local", we have to be careful about our
    variable names. Within test_expect_success, any variable we declare
    with local will be seen by the test snippets themselves (so it won't
    persist between tests like normal variables would).

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
---
 t/README                |  8 ++++++++
 t/test-lib-functions.sh | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index fd9375b146..a234c87792 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -755,6 +755,14 @@ library for your script to use.
 	    'git-write-tree should be able to write an empty tree.' \
 	    'tree=$(git-write-tree)'
 
+   If <script> is `-` (a single dash), then the script to run is read
+   from stdin. This lets you more easily use single quotes within the
+   script by using a here-doc. For example:
+
+        test_expect_success 'output contains expected string' <<-\EOT
+	        grep "this string has 'quotes' in it" output
+	EOT
+
    If you supply three parameters the first will be taken to be a
    prerequisite; see the test_set_prereq and test_have_prereq
    documentation below:
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 6348e8d733..3c8081b256 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -602,6 +602,24 @@ test_verify_prereq () {
 	BUG "'$test_prereq' does not look like a prereq"
 }
 
+# assign the variable named by "$1" with the contents of "$2";
+# if "$2" is "-", then read stdin into "$1" instead
+test_body_or_stdin () {
+	if test "$2" != "-"
+	then
+		eval "$1=\$2"
+		return
+	fi
+
+	# start with a newline, to match hanging newline from open-quote style
+	eval "$1=\$LF"
+	local test_line
+	while IFS= read -r test_line
+	do
+		eval "$1=\${$1}\${test_line}\${LF}"
+	done
+}
+
 test_expect_failure () {
 	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
@@ -611,8 +629,10 @@ test_expect_failure () {
 	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
-		say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
-		if test_run_ "$2" expecting_failure
+		local test_body
+		test_body_or_stdin test_body "$2"
+		say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $test_body"
+		if test_run_ "$test_body" expecting_failure
 		then
 			test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
 		else
@@ -631,8 +651,10 @@ test_expect_success () {
 	export test_prereq
 	if ! test_skip "$@"
 	then
-		say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
-		if test_run_ "$2"
+		local test_body
+		test_body_or_stdin test_body "$2"
+		say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $test_body"
+		if test_run_ "$test_body"
 		then
 			test_ok_ "$1"
 		else
-- 
2.31.1.629.gb61be4ec8d

Re: [PATCH 1/2] test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs

[Jeff King]

On Fri, Apr 09, 2021 at 06:28:19PM -0400, Jeff King wrote:

> +   If <script> is `-` (a single dash), then the script to run is read
> +   from stdin. This lets you more easily use single quotes within the
> +   script by using a here-doc. For example:
> +
> +        test_expect_success 'output contains expected string' <<-\EOT
> +	        grep "this string has 'quotes' in it" output
> +	EOT

Whoops, this should have an extra "-", of course (I got this wrong in
the cover letter, too). I.e.:

  test_expect_success 'whatever' - <<\EOT
     ...
  EOT

It would be nice to drop it, but then:

  test_expect_success PREREQ 'whatever' <<\EOT

becomes ambiguous (and I don't think there is a portable and reliable
way to decide that our input is coming from a here-doc versus the
original stdin).

-Peff

Re: [PATCH 1/2] test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs

[Junio C Hamano]

Jeff King <peff@peff.net> writes:

> +   If <script> is `-` (a single dash), then the script to run is read
> +   from stdin. This lets you more easily use single quotes within the
> +   script by using a here-doc. For example:
> +
> +        test_expect_success 'output contains expected string' <<-\EOT

Missing '-'?

> +	        grep "this string has 'quotes' in it" output
> +	EOT
> +
> ...
> +	# start with a newline, to match hanging newline from open-quote style
> +	eval "$1=\$LF"
> +	local test_line
> +	while IFS= read -r test_line
> +	do
> +		eval "$1=\${$1}\${test_line}\${LF}"
> +	done

I wonder if we can do this without relying on "read -r" (which I
distrust, perhaps out of superstition)?  Perhaps by slurping the
whole thing with "$(cat)"?

Thanks.

Re: [PATCH 1/2] test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs

[Junio C Hamano]

Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> writes:

>> +	# start with a newline, to match hanging newline from open-quote style
>> +	eval "$1=\$LF"
>> +	local test_line
>> +	while IFS= read -r test_line
>> +	do
>> +		eval "$1=\${$1}\${test_line}\${LF}"
>> +	done
>
> I wonder if we can do this without relying on "read -r" (which I
> distrust, perhaps out of superstition)?  Perhaps by slurping the
> whole thing with "$(cat)"?

Meaning, something along this line...

----- >8 --------- >8 --------- >8 --------- >8 ----
#!/bin/sh
LF='
'
ttt () {
	eval "$1"='$LF$(cat)'
}
ttt script <<\EOT
	a
	b
EOT
echo "<<<$script>>>"
----- 8< --------- 8< --------- 8< --------- 8< ----

Re: [PATCH 1/2] test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs

[Jeff King]

On Fri, Apr 09, 2021 at 05:57:10PM -0700, Junio C Hamano wrote:

> Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> writes:
> 
> >> +	# start with a newline, to match hanging newline from open-quote style
> >> +	eval "$1=\$LF"
> >> +	local test_line
> >> +	while IFS= read -r test_line
> >> +	do
> >> +		eval "$1=\${$1}\${test_line}\${LF}"
> >> +	done
> >
> > I wonder if we can do this without relying on "read -r" (which I
> > distrust, perhaps out of superstition)?  Perhaps by slurping the
> > whole thing with "$(cat)"?
> 
> Meaning, something along this line...
> 
> ----- >8 --------- >8 --------- >8 --------- >8 ----
> #!/bin/sh
> LF='
> '
> ttt () {
> 	eval "$1"='$LF$(cat)'
> }
> ttt script <<\EOT
> 	a
> 	b
> EOT
> echo "<<<$script>>>"
> ----- 8< --------- 8< --------- 8< --------- 8< ----

I wrote it using cat initially. If you want to preserve trailing
whitespace, you have to do something like:

  val=$(printf '\n'
        cat
	printf '.')
  val=${val%.}

I was worried about adding the overhead of the extra subshell and
process for the command substitution, but perhaps that is overblown.
TBH, worrying about whitespace may be overblown, too. Some test snippets
have extra blank lines at the end, but possibly we should just not care.

I imagine "read -r" does not work reliably for binary junk, but keep in
mind that we are talking about text shell script snippets (that are
already in shell strings anyway).

-Peff

Re: [PATCH 1/2] test-lib: allow test snippets as here-docs

[Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason]

On Sat, Apr 10 2021, Jeff King wrote:

> Most test snippets are wrapped in single quotes, like:
>
>   test_expect_success 'some description' '
>           do_something
>   '
>
> This sometimes makes the snippets awkward to write, because you can't
> easily use single quotes. We sometimes work around this with $SQ, or by
> loosening regexes to use "." instead of a literal quote, or by using
> double quotes when we'd prefer to use single-quotes (and just adding
> extra backslash-escapes to avoid interpolation).
>
> This commit adds another option: feeding the snippet on the function's
> stdin. This doesn't conflict with anything the snippet would want to do,
> because we always redirect its stdin from /dev/null anyway (which we'll
> continue to do).

I like this, and not having to write $SQ, '"'"' etc.

> A few notes on the implementation:
>
>   - it would be nice to push this down into test_run_, but we can't, as
>     test_expect_success and test_expect_failure want to see the actual
>     script content to report it for verbose-mode. A helper function
>     limits the amount of duplication in those callers here.

I've got an unsubmitted series (a bigger part of the -V rewrite) which
conflicted with this one, because I'd moved that message into those
helper functions.

But in that case I end up having to have this in
test_expect_{success,failure} anyway, because the change I had was to
move it into test_{ok,failure}_, i.e. to color the emitted body under
verbose differently depending on test ok/failure (which means deferring
the "this is our test body" until after the run).

It got slightly awkward because before I could pass "$@" to those (they
pass "$1" now), but with your change there's a "-" left on the argument
list, so we need to pass "$1" and "$test_body".

Anyway, it's no problem, just musings on having re-arranged this code
you're pointing out needs/could be re-arranged.

Maybe it would be easier to pass test_run arguments saying whether we
expect failure or not, and then move the whole if/else after it into its
own body. It already takes the "expecting_failure" parameter, so this on
top of master:

	diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
	index 6348e8d733..9e20bd607d 100644
	--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
	+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
	@@ -611,8 +611,7 @@ test_expect_failure () {
	 	export test_prereq
	 	if ! test_skip "$@"
	 	then
	-		say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
	-		if test_run_ "$2" expecting_failure
	+		if test_run_ "$1" "$2" expecting_failure
	 		then
	 			test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
	 		else
	@@ -631,8 +630,7 @@ test_expect_success () {
	 	export test_prereq
	 	if ! test_skip "$@"
	 	then
	-		say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
	-		if test_run_ "$2"
	+		if test_run_ "$1" "$2"
	 		then
	 			test_ok_ "$1"
	 		else
	diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
	index d3f6af6a65..5a1192e80c 100644
	--- a/t/test-lib.sh
	+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
	@@ -935,9 +935,20 @@ test_eval_ () {
	 }
	 
	 test_run_ () {
	+	local description
	+	description="$1"
	+	shift
	+
	 	test_cleanup=:
	 	expecting_failure=$2
	 
	+	if test -n "$expecting_failure"
	+	then
	+		say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$description': $1"
	+	else
	+		say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$description': $1"
	+	fi
	+
	 	if test "${GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT:-1}" != 0; then
	 		# turn off tracing for this test-eval, as it simply creates
	 		# confusing noise in the "-x" output

... or maybe not, but in any case, if the verbose mode was what was
stopping you from moving this down to "test_run_" just that seems like
an easy change.

I like your current implementation better, i.e. to have the stdin
consumption happen ASAP and have the others be low-level utility
functions, but I don't care much, but if you wanted it the other way
maybe the above diff helps.
	
>   - The helper function is a little awkward to call, as you feed it the
>     name of the variable you want to set. The more natural thing in
>     shell would be command substitution like:
>
>       body=$(body_or_stdin "$2")
>
>     but that loses trailing whitespace. There are tricks around this,
>     like:
>
>       body=$(body_or_stdin "$2"; printf '.)
>       body=${body%.}
>
>     but we'd prefer to keep such tricks in the helper, not in each
>     caller.

I see why you did this, and for a narrow change it's a good thing.

FWIW having spent some more time on making the TAP format more pruttah
in a parallel WIP series I think this is ultimately a losing
game. You're inserting the extra LF because you don't want to have the
"checking..." and the first line of the test body on the same line;

But we have all of:

    test_expect_success 'foo' 'true'
    test_expect_success 'foo' '
        true
    '

And now:

    test_expect_success 'foo' - <<\EOT
        true
    '

So if (definitely not needed for your change) wanted to always make this
pretty/indented we'd need to push that logic down to the formatter,
which would insert a leading LF and/or indentation as appropriate.

I just declared that if you use the first form you don't get
indentation :)

>   - I implemented the helper using a sequence of "read" calls. Together
>     with "-r" and unsetting the IFS, this preserves incoming whitespace.
>     An alternative is to use "cat" (which then requires the gross "."
>     trick above). But this saves us a process, which is probably a good
>     thing. The "read" builtin does use more read() syscalls than
>     necessary (one per byte), but that is almost certainly a win over a
>     separate process.
>
>     Both are probably slower than passing a single-quoted string, but
>     the difference is lost in the noise for a script that I converted as
>     an experiment.
>
>   - I handle test_expect_success and test_expect_failure here. If we
>     like this style, we could easily extend it to other spots (e.g.,
>     lazy_prereq bodies) on top of this patch.
>
>   - even though we are using "local", we have to be careful about our
>     variable names. Within test_expect_success, any variable we declare
>     with local will be seen by the test snippets themselves (so it won't
>     persist between tests like normal variables would).
>
> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
> ---

[PATCH 2/2] t1404: convert to here-doc test bodies

[Jeff King]

The t1404 script checks a lot of output from Git which contains single
quotes. Because the test snippets are themselves wrapped in the same
single-quotes, we have to resort to using $SQ to match them. This is
error-prone and makes the tests harder to read.

Instead, let's use the new here-doc feature added in the previous
commit, which lets us write anything in the test body we want (except
the here-doc end marker on a line by itself, of course).

Note that we do use "\" in our marker to avoid interpolation (which is
the whole point). But we don't use "<<-", as we want to preserve
whitespace in the snippet (and running with "-v" before and after shows
that we produce the exact same output, except with the ugly $SQ
references fixed).

I just converted every test here, even though only some of them use
$SQ. But it would be equally correct to mix-and-match styles if we don't
mind the inconsistency.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
---
 t/t1404-update-ref-errors.sh | 274 +++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 137 insertions(+), 137 deletions(-)

diff --git a/t/t1404-update-ref-errors.sh b/t/t1404-update-ref-errors.sh
index 8b51c4efc1..16ada22148 100755
--- a/t/t1404-update-ref-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t1404-update-ref-errors.sh
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ df_test() {
 		delname="$delref"
 	fi &&
 	cat >expected-err <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$addname$SQ: $SQ$delref$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$addref$SQ
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$addname': '$delref' exists; cannot create '$addref'
 	EOF
 	$pack &&
 	if $add_del
@@ -107,443 +107,443 @@ df_test() {
 	test_cmp expected-refs actual-refs
 }
 
-test_expect_success 'setup' '
+test_expect_success 'setup' - <<\EOT
 
 	git commit --allow-empty -m Initial &&
 	C=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m Second &&
 	D=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m Third &&
 	E=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'existing loose ref is a simple prefix of new' '
+test_expect_success 'existing loose ref is a simple prefix of new' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/1l &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c e" false "b c/x d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c/x$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c/x'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'existing packed ref is a simple prefix of new' '
+test_expect_success 'existing packed ref is a simple prefix of new' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/1p &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c e" true "b c/x d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c/x$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c/x'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'existing loose ref is a deeper prefix of new' '
+test_expect_success 'existing loose ref is a deeper prefix of new' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/2l &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c e" false "b c/x/y d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c/x/y$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c/x/y'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'existing packed ref is a deeper prefix of new' '
+test_expect_success 'existing packed ref is a deeper prefix of new' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/2p &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c e" true "b c/x/y d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c/x/y$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c/x/y'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'new ref is a simple prefix of existing loose' '
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a simple prefix of existing loose' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/3l &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c/x e" false "b c d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c/x$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c/x' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'new ref is a simple prefix of existing packed' '
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a simple prefix of existing packed' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/3p &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c/x e" true "b c d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c/x$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c/x' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'new ref is a deeper prefix of existing loose' '
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a deeper prefix of existing loose' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/4l &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c/x/y e" false "b c d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c/x/y$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c/x/y' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'new ref is a deeper prefix of existing packed' '
+test_expect_success 'new ref is a deeper prefix of existing packed' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/4p &&
 	test_update_rejected "a c/x/y e" true "b c d" \
-		"$SQ$prefix/c/x/y$SQ exists; cannot create $SQ$prefix/c$SQ"
+		"'$prefix/c/x/y' exists; cannot create '$prefix/c'"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'one new ref is a simple prefix of another' '
+test_expect_success 'one new ref is a simple prefix of another' - <<\EOT
 
 	prefix=refs/5 &&
 	test_update_rejected "a e" false "b c c/x d" \
-		"cannot process $SQ$prefix/c$SQ and $SQ$prefix/c/x$SQ at the same time"
+		"cannot process '$prefix/c' and '$prefix/c/x' at the same time"
 
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool rev-parse' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool rev-parse' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-rev-parse &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	git pack-refs --all &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	echo "$C" >expected &&
 	git rev-parse $prefix/foo >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool for-each-ref' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool for-each-ref' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-for-each-ref &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	git for-each-ref $prefix >expected &&
 	git pack-refs --all &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	git for-each-ref $prefix >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool create' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-create &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	printf "create %s $C\n" $prefix/foo |
 	git update-ref --stdin
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool verify' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool verify' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-verify &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	git pack-refs --all &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	printf "verify %s $C\n" $prefix/foo |
 	git update-ref --stdin
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 1-arg update' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 1-arg update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-update-1 &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	git pack-refs --all &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	printf "update %s $D\n" $prefix/foo |
 	git update-ref --stdin
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 2-arg update' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 2-arg update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-update-2 &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	git pack-refs --all &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	printf "update %s $D $C\n" $prefix/foo |
 	git update-ref --stdin
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 0-arg delete' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 0-arg delete' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-delete-0 &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	git pack-refs --all &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	printf "delete %s\n" $prefix/foo |
 	git update-ref --stdin
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 1-arg delete' '
+test_expect_success 'empty directory should not fool 1-arg delete' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/e-delete-1 &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	git pack-refs --all &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz &&
 	printf "delete %s $C\n" $prefix/foo |
 	git update-ref --stdin
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add long + delete short' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add long + delete short' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-al-ds --add-del foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add short + delete long' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add short + delete long' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-as-dl --add-del foo foo/bar
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete long + add short' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete long + add short' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-dl-as --del-add foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete short + add long' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete short + add long' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-ds-al --del-add foo foo/bar
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add long + delete short packed' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add long + delete short packed' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-al-dsp --pack --add-del foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add short + delete long packed' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add short + delete long packed' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-as-dlp --pack --add-del foo foo/bar
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete long packed + add short' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete long packed + add short' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-dlp-as --pack --del-add foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete short packed + add long' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents delete short packed + add long' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-dsp-al --pack --del-add foo foo/bar
-'
+EOT
 
 # Try some combinations involving symbolic refs...
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + delete short' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + delete short' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-ial-ds --sym-add --add-del foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + indirect delete short' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + indirect delete short' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-ial-ids --sym-add --sym-del --add-del foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add short + indirect delete long' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add short + indirect delete long' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-ias-idl --sym-add --sym-del --add-del foo foo/bar
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect delete long + indirect add short' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect delete long + indirect add short' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-idl-ias --sym-add --sym-del --del-add foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + delete short packed' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + delete short packed' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-ial-dsp --sym-add --pack --add-del foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + indirect delete short packed' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect add long + indirect delete short packed' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-ial-idsp --sym-add --sym-del --pack --add-del foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add long + indirect delete short packed' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents add long + indirect delete short packed' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-al-idsp --sym-del --pack --add-del foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect delete long packed + indirect add short' '
+test_expect_success 'D/F conflict prevents indirect delete long packed + indirect add short' - <<\EOT
 	df_test refs/df-idlp-ias --sym-add --sym-del --pack --del-add foo/bar foo
-'
+EOT
 
 # Test various errors when reading the old values of references...
 
-test_expect_success 'missing old value blocks update' '
+test_expect_success 'missing old value blocks update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/missing-update &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo'
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/foo $E $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks update' '
+test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/incorrect-update &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: is at $C but expected $D
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': is at $C but expected $D
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/foo $E $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'existing old value blocks create' '
+test_expect_success 'existing old value blocks create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/existing-create &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: reference already exists
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': reference already exists
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "create $prefix/foo $E" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks delete' '
+test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks delete' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/incorrect-delete &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: is at $C but expected $D
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': is at $C but expected $D
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "delete $prefix/foo $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'missing old value blocks indirect update' '
+test_expect_success 'missing old value blocks indirect update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/missing-indirect-update &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo'
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/symref $E $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect update' '
+test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/incorrect-indirect-update &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: is at $C but expected $D
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': is at $C but expected $D
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/symref $E $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'existing old value blocks indirect create' '
+test_expect_success 'existing old value blocks indirect create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/existing-indirect-create &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: reference already exists
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': reference already exists
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "create $prefix/symref $E" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect delete' '
+test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect delete' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/incorrect-indirect-delete &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: is at $C but expected $D
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': is at $C but expected $D
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "delete $prefix/symref $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'missing old value blocks indirect no-deref update' '
+test_expect_success 'missing old value blocks indirect no-deref update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/missing-noderef-update &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: reference is missing but expected $D
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': reference is missing but expected $D
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "option no-deref" "update $prefix/symref $E $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect no-deref update' '
+test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect no-deref update' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/incorrect-noderef-update &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: is at $C but expected $D
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': is at $C but expected $D
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "option no-deref" "update $prefix/symref $E $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'existing old value blocks indirect no-deref create' '
+test_expect_success 'existing old value blocks indirect no-deref create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/existing-noderef-create &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: reference already exists
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': reference already exists
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "option no-deref" "create $prefix/symref $E" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect no-deref delete' '
+test_expect_success 'incorrect old value blocks indirect no-deref delete' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/incorrect-noderef-delete &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: is at $C but expected $D
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': is at $C but expected $D
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "option no-deref" "delete $prefix/symref $D" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'non-empty directory blocks create' '
+test_expect_success 'non-empty directory blocks create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/ne-create &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar &&
 	: >.git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz.lock &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz.lock" &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: there is a non-empty directory $SQ.git/$prefix/foo$SQ blocking reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': there is a non-empty directory '.git/$prefix/foo' blocking reference '$prefix/foo'
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/foo $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo'
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/foo $D $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'broken reference blocks create' '
+test_expect_success 'broken reference blocks create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/broken-create &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix &&
 	echo "gobbledigook" >.git/$prefix/foo &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/$prefix/foo" &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: reference broken
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo': reference broken
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/foo $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: reference broken
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/foo': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo': reference broken
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/foo $D $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'non-empty directory blocks indirect create' '
+test_expect_success 'non-empty directory blocks indirect create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/ne-indirect-create &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	mkdir -p .git/$prefix/foo/bar &&
 	: >.git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz.lock &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/$prefix/foo/bar/baz.lock" &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: there is a non-empty directory $SQ.git/$prefix/foo$SQ blocking reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': there is a non-empty directory '.git/$prefix/foo' blocking reference '$prefix/foo'
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/symref $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo'
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/symref $D $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'broken reference blocks indirect create' '
+test_expect_success 'broken reference blocks indirect create' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/broken-indirect-create &&
 	git symbolic-ref $prefix/symref $prefix/foo &&
 	echo "gobbledigook" >.git/$prefix/foo &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/$prefix/foo" &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: reference broken
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo': reference broken
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/symref $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: cannot lock ref $SQ$prefix/symref$SQ: unable to resolve reference $SQ$prefix/foo$SQ: reference broken
+	fatal: cannot lock ref '$prefix/symref': unable to resolve reference '$prefix/foo': reference broken
 	EOF
 	printf "%s\n" "update $prefix/symref $D $C" |
 	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin 2>output.err &&
 	test_cmp expected output.err
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'no bogus intermediate values during delete' '
+test_expect_success 'no bogus intermediate values during delete' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/slow-transaction &&
 	# Set up a reference with differing loose and packed versions:
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
@@ -598,9 +598,9 @@ test_expect_success 'no bogus intermediate values during delete' '
 	wait $pid2 &&
 	test_must_be_empty out &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify --quiet $prefix/foo
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'delete fails cleanly if packed-refs file is locked' '
+test_expect_success 'delete fails cleanly if packed-refs file is locked' - <<\EOT
 	prefix=refs/locked-packed-refs &&
 	# Set up a reference with differing loose and packed versions:
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
@@ -612,11 +612,11 @@ test_expect_success 'delete fails cleanly if packed-refs file is locked' '
 	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/packed-refs.lock" &&
 	test_must_fail git update-ref -d $prefix/foo >out 2>err &&
 	git for-each-ref $prefix >actual &&
-	test_i18ngrep "Unable to create $SQ.*packed-refs.lock$SQ: " err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Unable to create '.*packed-refs.lock': " err &&
 	test_cmp unchanged actual
-'
+EOT
 
-test_expect_success 'delete fails cleanly if packed-refs.new write fails' '
+test_expect_success 'delete fails cleanly if packed-refs.new write fails' - <<\EOT
 	# Setup and expectations are similar to the test above.
 	prefix=refs/failed-packed-refs &&
 	git update-ref $prefix/foo $C &&
@@ -630,6 +630,6 @@ test_expect_success 'delete fails cleanly if packed-refs.new write fails' '
 	test_must_fail git update-ref -d $prefix/foo &&
 	git for-each-ref $prefix >actual &&
 	test_cmp unchanged actual
-'
+EOT
 
 test_done
-- 
2.31.1.629.gb61be4ec8d

Re: [RFC/PATCH 0/2] here-doc test bodies

[Derrick Stolee]

On 4/9/2021 6:26 PM, Jeff King wrote:
> I've been wanting to do this for years, but after getting bitten by a
> misplaced quote the other day, I finally did. This series allows you to
> do:
> 
>   test_expect_success <<\EOT
>           something 'with single quotes'
>   EOT
> 
> Thoughts?

Odd. I _just_ hit this for the first time today. I didn't know
about the $SQ trick, so I just modified my 'sed' call to drop
the single quotes from the string I was trying to match [1].

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/36aa6837-722c-9ef0-84cc-77e982db9f6e@gmail.com/

I think this is a good pattern for this kind of thing. I
imagine that if the test itself needed heredocs, then they
would be interpreted correctly when evaluating stdin (as
long as a different identifier is used).

I also like the "EOT" pattern as an example.

Thanks,
-Stolee

Re: [RFC/PATCH 0/2] here-doc test bodies

[Jeff King]

On Fri, Apr 09, 2021 at 09:03:24PM -0400, Derrick Stolee wrote:

> On 4/9/2021 6:26 PM, Jeff King wrote:
> > I've been wanting to do this for years, but after getting bitten by a
> > misplaced quote the other day, I finally did. This series allows you to
> > do:
> > 
> >   test_expect_success <<\EOT
> >           something 'with single quotes'
> >   EOT
> > 
> > Thoughts?
> 
> Odd. I _just_ hit this for the first time today. I didn't know
> about the $SQ trick, so I just modified my 'sed' call to drop
> the single quotes from the string I was trying to match [1].
> 
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/36aa6837-722c-9ef0-84cc-77e982db9f6e@gmail.com/

Yep, that case would definitely benefit. We have a variety of little
workarounds now, but it would be nice to not even need them.

> I think this is a good pattern for this kind of thing. I
> imagine that if the test itself needed heredocs, then they
> would be interpreted correctly when evaluating stdin (as
> long as a different identifier is used).

Yeah, some of the tests I converted in t1404 have their own here-docs.
It works for the same reason that the single-quoted snippets work: the
outer doc slurps the whole thing to the "EOT" marker. So we do not even
consider the inner here-docs until we are eval-ing the snippet.

> I also like the "EOT" pattern as an example.

I think it would make sense to have a convention here for readability.
Also, I added this to the sharness vim highlighter from [1]:

diff --git a/sharness.vim b/sharness.vim
index 6ffc64f..7dbcd18 100644
--- a/sharness.vim
+++ b/sharness.vim
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ syn region shsTestBody contained transparent excludenl matchgroup=shQuote start=
 syn region shsTestBody contained oneline transparent excludenl keepend matchgroup=shQuote start=+ '+hs=s+1 end=+'$+ contains=@shSubShList
 syn region shsTestBody contained oneline transparent excludenl keepend matchgroup=shQuote start=+ "+hs=s+1 end=+"$+ contains=@shSubShList
 
+" here-doc body
+syn region shsTestBody contained transparent excludenl matchgroup=shQuote start=+ <<\\EOT+ end=+EOT$+ contains=@shSubShList
+
 syn match shsPrereq contained "\<[A-Z_,]\+\>" nextgroup=shsTestTitle
 syn match shsPrereqLazy contained "\<[A-Z_,]\+\>" nextgroup=shsTestBody
 

which makes the innards look nice. :) I think it could be written to
allow any marker, but there would probably need to be some magic with
matching the opening and closing markers.

-Peff

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CAMP44s1D-Zp3KDS+Hi74a=Lkc7Nc_0qiEzQEF0Pmj=bD8i+=JQ@mail.gmail.com/