[ruby-core:100528] [Ruby master Feature#17273] shareable_constant_value pragma

[eregontp@gmail.com]

Issue #17273 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze).


Maybe the pragma should be `# frozen_constants: true`?
"Freezing a constant" is intuitively "deeply-freeze the value", isn't it?

And since we already have `# frozen_string_literal: true` it would make nice connection.

Also, `shareable` seems very abstract, while I'd think almost every Rubyist knows what frozen (and deeply frozen) means.

Semantics-wise, I think we could still use the same semantics as `Ractor.make_shareable`.
I guess nobody wants a `deep_freeze` that also freezes an object's class.
And freezing a shareable object which is not always frozen (immutable) seems of little value:
* no much point to freeze a `Ractor`/`Thread::TVar`
* those are probably uncommon to be used as a value for a constant

Are there other shareable but not immutable objects besides `Ractor`/`Thread::TVar`/`Module`?

Along that idea, I think `#deep_freeze` (#17145) could by default skip shareable values (so `skip_shareable:` would default to true).

----------------------------------------
Feature #17273: shareable_constant_value pragma
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17273#change-88152

* Author: ko1 (Koichi Sasada)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
----------------------------------------
This proposal is to introduce `# shareable_constant_value: true` pragma to make constant values shareable objects.
With this pragma, you don't need to add `freeze` to access from non-main ractors.

```ruby
# shareable_constant_value: true

A = [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
H = {a: "a"}

Ractor.new do
  p A
  p H
end.take
```

## Background

Now, we can not access constants which contains a unshareable object from the non-main Ractor.

```ruby
A = [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
H = {a: "a"}

Ractor.new do
  p A #=> can not access non-sharable objects in constant Object::A by non-main Ractor. (NameError)
  p H
end.take
```

If we know we don't modify `A` and `H` is frozen object, we can freeze them, and other ractors can access them.


```ruby
A = [1, [2, [3, 4].freeze].freeze].freeze
H = {a: "a".freeze}.freeze

Ractor.new do
  p A #=> [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
  p H #=> {:a=>"a"}
end.take
```

Adding nesting data structure, we need many `.freeze` method.
Recently, I added `Ractor.make_shareable(obj)` makes `obj` shareable with freezing objects deeply (see [Feature #17274]).
We only need to introduce this method for each constant.

```ruby
A = Ractor.make_shareable( [1, [2, [3, 4]]] )
H = Ractor.make_shareable( {a: "a"} )

Ractor.new do
  p A #=> [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
  p H #=> {:a=>"a"}
end.take
```

However, if we have 100 constants, it is troublesome.

## Proposal

With `# shareable_constant_value: true`, you can specify all constants are shareable.

```ruby
# shareable_constant_value: true

A = [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
# compiled with: A = Ractor.make_shareable( [1, [2, [3, 4]]] )
H = {a: "a"}
# compiled with: H = Ractor.make_shareable( {a: "a"} )

Ractor.new do
  p A
  p H
end.take
```

(Strictly speaking, don't call `Ractor.make_shareable`, but apply same effect. This means rewriting `Ractor.make_shareable` doesn't affect this behavior)

You can specify `# shareable_constant_value: false` in the middle of the place.

```ruby
# shareable_constant_value: true

S1 = 'str' #
p S1.frozen? #=> true

# shareable_constant_value: false

S2 = 'str' #
p S2.frozen? #=> false
```

The effect of this pragma is closed to the scope.

```ruby
class C
  # shareable_constant_value: true
  A = 'str'
  p A.frozen? #=> true

  1.times do
    # shareable_constant_value: false
    B = 'str'
    p B.frozen? #=> false
  end
end

X = 'str'
p X.frozen? #=> false
```

`Ractor.make_shareable(obj)` doesn't affect anything to shareable objects.


```ruby
# shareable_constant_value: true
class C; end

D = C
p D.frozen? #=> false
```

Some objects can not become shareable objects, so it raises an exception:

```ruby
# shareable_constant_value: true

T = Thread.new{}
#=> `make_shareable': can not make shareable object for #<Thread:0x000055952e40ffb0 /home/ko1/ruby/src/trunk/test.rb:3 run> (Ractor::Error)
```

## Implementation

https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/3681/files



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