[ruby-core:95660] [Ruby master Feature#16153] eventually_frozen flag to gradually phase-in frozen strings

[eregontp@gmail.com]

Issue #16153 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze).


For this discussion, I would focus on having this for Strings only initially.
I don't think it's about the "grand design of immutability", but rather a tool to ease migration towards frozen Strings for some APIs.

My main concern about it would be that such strings are reported as Kernel#frozen? but actually are not. That is some inconsistency.
I think it would be more logical to return `false` for Kernel#frozen? and just have String#+@/String#dup make a copy without the eventually_frozen flag.

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Feature #16153: eventually_frozen flag to gradually phase-in frozen strings
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16153#change-82449

* Author: Dan0042 (Daniel DeLorme)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: 
* Target version: 
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Freezing objects can give us a nice performance boost, but freezing previously non-frozen objects is a backward-incompatible change which is hard to handle because the place where the object is mutated can be far from where it was frozen, and tests might not cover the cases of frozen input vs non-frozen input.

I propose adding a flag which gives us a migration path for freezing objects. For purposes of discussion I will call this flag "eventually_frozen". It would act as a pseudo-frozen flag where mutating the object would result in a warning instead of an error. It would also change the return value of `Object#frozen?` so code like `obj = obj.dup if obj.frozen?` would work as expected to remove the warning. Note that eventually_frozen strings cannot be deduplicated, as they are in reality mutable.

This way it would be possible for Symbol#to_s (and many others) to return an eventually_frozen string in 2.7 which gives apps and gems time to migrate, before finally becoming a frozen deduplicated string in 3.0. This might even open up a migration path for eventually using `frozen_string_literal:true` as default. For example if it was possible to add `frozen_string_literal:eventual` to all files in a project (or as a global switch), we could run that in production to discover where to fix things, and then change it to `frozen_string_literal:true` for a bug-free performance boost.

Proposed changes:
* Object#freeze(immediately:true)
   * if `immediately` keyword is true, set frozen=true and eventually_frozen=false
   * if `immediately` keyword is false, set eventually_frozen=true UNLESS frozen flag is already true
* String#+@
   * if eventually_frozen is true, create a duplicate string with eventually_frozen=false
* Object#frozen?(immediately:false)
   * return true if `immediately` keyword is false and eventually_frozen flag is true
* rb_check_frozen
   * output warning if eventually_frozen flag is true

Alternatively, setting the eventually_frozen flag is not possible via ruby code. Object#freeze behaves as if `immediately=true`, and a C macro like `OBJ_EVENTUAL_FREEZE` is used in `rb_sym_to_s` and others to get the `immediately=false` behavior.



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