[ruby-core:91520] [Ruby trunk Feature#15554] warn/error passing a block to a methodwhich never use a block

[fg@flashgordon.ru]

Issue #15554 has been updated by decuplet (Nikita Shilnikov).


I have a nice example where I use calls like `super { ... }` even if the super method doesn't yield a block. From my understanding, this behavior won't be broken by the changes, but I still want to add it to the context.
I'm the author of the [dry-monads](https://github.com/dry-rb/dry-monads/) gem, it defines, you might have guessed, a bunch of monads. For instance, there is the `Result` monad which represents possibly-unsuccessful computation. A typical use case:

```ruby
def call(params)
  validate(params).bind { |values|
    create_account(values[:account]).bind { |account|
      create_owner(account, values[:owner]).fmap { |owner|
        [account, owner]
      }
    }
  }
end
```

Here `validate`, `create_account`, and `create_owner` all return a `Result` value, `bind`s compose the results together. That's rather ugly, that's why the gem also adds so-called do notation (the name has stolen from Haskell), it's a mixin you add to a class which prepends every method you define and passes a block which in order tries to unwrap a `Result` value. Better see the code and read the comments:


```ruby
# this line also prepends the current class with a dynamically created module
include Dry::Monads::Do

# this method will be overridden in the prepended module
def call(params)
  # yield will halt the execution if validate returns Failure(...)
  # or unwraps the result if it returns Success(...) so that it'll
  # be assigned to values. This way we avoid the chain of .bind calls
  values = yield validate(params)
  account = yield create_account(values[:account])
  owner = yield create_owner(account, values[:owner])

  Success([account, owner])
end
```

Obviously, the do version is way cleaner yet has the same semantics. `Dry::Monads::Do` wraps all the methods as they are defined so that you don't need to worry whether a method unwraps `Result`s or not. If it doesn't, then it just doesn't call the block, that simple. Also `Dry::Monads::Do` is smart enough to discard its block if another block is given to a method:

```ruby
include Dry::Monads::Result::Mixin
include Dry::Monads::Do

def foo
  bar { 5 }
  baz # baz will return 6, see below
end

def bar
  # here the block comes from foo, not from Do
  yield + 1
end

def baz
  # no block from foo given, Do in action
  yield Success(6)
end
```

Now here's the problem. 

```ruby
include Dry::Monads::Do

def call
  foo
end

def foo
  # foo gets the block from Do but doesn't use it
  5
end
```

In the last example, I have no means to detect that `foo` won't use the block. I could analyze `parameters`, I guess it would be slower, but if a method uses `yield` I just cannot detect it without analyzing the source code, that'd be dead slow and not reliable either.

See what `Do` does [here](https://github.com/dry-rb/dry-monads/blob/a7a91d1a34b03bdbf26567286448059c119b079a/lib/dry/monads/do/all.rb#L68-L85) and [there](https://github.com/dry-rb/dry-monads/blob/a7a91d1a34b03bdbf26567286448059c119b079a/lib/dry/monads/do.rb#L122-L140) for more details.

I should add that dry-monads is quite popular, it's not only used by me :) (see it on rubygems https://rubygems.org/gems/dry-monads)

___

[Gem's docs](https://dry-rb.org/gems/dry-monads/do-notation/)

----------------------------------------
Feature #15554: warn/error passing a block to a method which never use a block
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15554#change-76779

* Author: ko1 (Koichi Sasada)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto)
* Target version: 
----------------------------------------
# Abstract

Warn or raise an ArgumentError if block is passed to a method which does not use a block.
In other words, detect "block user methods" implicitly and only "block user methods" can accept a block.

# Background

Sometimes, we pass a block to a method which ignores the passed block accidentally.

```
def my_open(name)
  open(name)
end

# user hopes it works as Kernel#open which invokes a block with opened file.
my_open(name){|f| important_work_with f }
# but simply ignored...
```

To solve this issue, this feature request propose showing warnings or raising an exception on such case.

Last developer's meeting, matz proposed `&nil` which declares this method never receive a block. It is explicit, but it is tough to add this `&nil` parameter declaration to all of methods (do you want to add it to `def []=(i, e, &nil)`?).
(I agree `&nil` is valuable on some situations)

# Spec

## Define "use a block" methods

We need to define which method accepts a block and which method does not.

* (1) method has a block parameter (`&b`)
* (2) method body has `yield'
* (3) method body has `super` (ZSUPER in internal terminology) or `super(...)`
* (4) method body has singleton method (optional)

(1) and (2) is very clear. I need to explain about (3) and (4).

(3). `super` (ZSUPER) passes all parameters as arguments. So there is no surprise that which can accept `block`.
However `super(...)` also passes a block if no explicit block passing (like `super(){}` or `super(&b)`) are written.
I'm not sure we need to continue this strange specification, but to keep compatibility depending this spec, I add this rule.

(4). surprisingly, the following code invoke a block:

```
def foo
  class << Object.new
    yield
  end
end

foo{ p :ok } #=> :ok

```

I'm also not sure we need to keep this spec, but to allow this spec, I added (4) rule.
Strictly speaking, it is not required, but we don't keep the link from singleton class ISeq to lexical parent iseq now, so I added it.

## Exceptional cases

A method called by `super` doesn`t warn warning even if this method doesn't use a block.
The rule (3) can pass blocks easily and there are many methods don`t use a block.

So my patch ignores callings by `super`.

## corner cases

There are several cases to use block without (1)-(4) rules.

### `Proc.new/proc/lambda` without a block

Now it was deprecated. r66772 [Bug#15539] for this issue.

### `block_given?`

`block_given?` expects block, but I believe we use it with `yield` or a block parameter.
If you know the usecase without them, please tell us.

### `yield` in `eval`

We can't know `yield` (or (3), (4) rule) in an `eval` evaluating string at calling time.

```
def foo
  eval('yield`)
end

foo{} # at calling time,
      # we can't know the method foo can accept a block or not.
```

So I added a warning to use `yield` in `eval` like that: `test.rb:4: warning: use yield in eval will not be supported in Ruby 3.`

Workaround is use a block parameter explicitly.

```
def foo &b
  eval('b.call')
end

foo{ p :ok }
```

# Implementation

Strategy is:

* [compile time] introduce `iseq::has_yield` field and check it if the iseq (or child iseq) contains `yield` (or something)
* [calling time] if block is given, check `iseq::has_yield` flag and show warning (or raise an exception)

https://gist.github.com/ko1/c9148ad0224bf5befa3cc76ed2220c0b

On this patch, now it raises an error to make it easy to detect.
It is easy to switch to show the warning.

# Evaluation and discussion

I tried to avoid ruby's tests.

https://gist.github.com/ko1/37483e7940cdc4390bf8eb0001883786

Here is a patch.

There are several patterns to avoid warnings.

## tests for `block_given?`, `Proc.new` (and similar) without block

Add a dummy block parameter.
It is test-specific issue.

## empty `each`

Some tests add `each` methods do not `yield`, like: `def each; end`.
Maybe test-specific issue, and adding a dummy block parameter.

## Subtyping / duck typing

https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/c01a5ee85e2d6a7128cccafb143bfa694284ca87/lib/optparse.rb#L698

This `parse` method doesn't use `yield`, but other sub-type's `parse` methods use.

## `super` with `new` method

https://gist.github.com/ko1/37483e7940cdc4390bf8eb0001883786#file-tests-patch-L61

This method override `Class#new` method and introduce a hook with block (yield a block in this hook code).

https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/trunk/lib/rubygems/package/tar_writer.rb#L81

In this method, call `super` and it also passing a block. However, called `initialize` doesn't use a block.

## Change robustness

This change reduce robustness for API change.

`Delegator` requires to support `__getobj__` for client classes.
Now `__getobj__` should accept block but most of `__getobj__` clients do not call given block.

https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/trunk/lib/delegate.rb#L80

This is because of delegator.rb's API change.

https://gist.github.com/ko1/37483e7940cdc4390bf8eb0001883786#file-tests-patch-L86

Nobu says calling block is not required (ignoring a block is no problem) so it is not a bug for delegator client classes.

## Found issues.

```
[ 2945/20449] Rinda::TestRingServer#test_do_reply = 0.00 s
  1) Error:
Rinda::TestRingServer#test_do_reply:
ArgumentError: passing block to the method "with_timeout" (defined at /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test/rinda/test_rinda.rb:787) is never used.
    /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test/rinda/test_rinda.rb:635:in `test_do_reply'

[ 2946/20449] Rinda::TestRingServer#test_do_reply_local = 0.00 s
  2) Error:
Rinda::TestRingServer#test_do_reply_local:
ArgumentError: passing block to the method "with_timeout" (defined at /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test/rinda/test_rinda.rb:787) is never used.
    /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test/rinda/test_rinda.rb:657:in `test_do_reply_local'

[10024/20449] TestGemRequestSetGemDependencyAPI#test_platform_mswin = 0.01 s
  3) Error:
TestGemRequestSetGemDependencyAPI#test_platform_mswin:
ArgumentError: passing block to the method "util_set_arch" (defined at /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:1053) is never used.
    /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set_gem_dependency_api.rb:655:in `test_platform_mswin'

[10025/20449] TestGemRequestSetGemDependencyAPI#test_platforms = 0.01 s
  4) Error:
TestGemRequestSetGemDependencyAPI#test_platforms:
ArgumentError: passing block to the method "util_set_arch" (defined at /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/lib/rubygems/test_case.rb:1053) is never used.
    /home/ko1/src/ruby/trunk/test/rubygems/test_gem_request_set_gem_dependency_api.rb:711:in `test_platforms'
```

These 4 detection show the problem. `with_timeout` method (used in Rinda test) and `util_set_arch` method (used in Rubygems test) simply ignore the given block.
So these tests are simply ignored.

I reported them. (https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/issues/2601)

## raise an error or show a warning?

At least, Ruby 2.7 should show warning for this kind of violation with `-w`.
How about for Ruby3?




-- 
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/