Re: [GSoC][PATCH v4 2/7] clone: better handle symlinked files at .git/objects/

[Matheus Tavares Bernardino <matheus.bernardino@usp.br>]

On Sat, Mar 30, 2019 at 4:27 PM Thomas Gummerer <t.gummerer@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> On 03/30, Matheus Tavares Bernardino wrote:
> > On Fri, Mar 29, 2019 at 5:05 PM Thomas Gummerer <t.gummerer@gmail.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On 03/29, Matheus Tavares Bernardino wrote:
> > > > Ok, what if instead of using linkat() we use 'realpath(const char
> > > > *path, char *resolved_path)', which will resolve any symlinks at
> > > > 'path' and store the canonical path at 'resolved_path'? Then, we can
> > > > still keep using link() but now, with the certainty that all platforms
> > > > will have a consistent behaviour? (also, realpath() is POSIX.1-2001)
> > > > Would that be a better idea?
> > >
> > > Yeah, I think that is a good idea.  Note that 'realpath()' itself is
> > > not used anywhere in our codebase either, but there is
> > > 'strbuf_realpath()', that from reading the function documentation does
> > > exactly what 'realpath()' would do.  So using 'strbuf_realpath()'
> > > would probably be the right thing to do here.
> >
> > Thanks. While I was looking for realpath() at git codebase (before I
> > saw your email), I got a little confused: Besides strbuf_realpath() I
> > also found real_path(), real_path_if_valid() and real_pathdup(). All
> > these last three use strbuf_realpath() but they also initialize the
> > struct strbuf internally and just return a 'char *', which is much
> > convenient in some cases.
>
> Right, feel free to use whichever is most convenient for you, and
> whichever works in the context.
>
> >                            What seems weird to me is that, whilst
> > real_pathdup() releases the internally initialized struct strubuf
> > (leaving just the returned string to be free'd by the user), the other
> > two don't. So, if struct strbuf change in the future to have more
> > dynamic allocated resources, these functions will also have to be
> > modified. Also, since real_pathdup() can already do what the other two
> > do, do you know if there is a reason to keep all of them?
>
> Right, '*dup()' functions usually leave the return value to be free'd
> by the caller.  And while 'real_pathdup()' could do what the others do
> already it also takes more effort to use it.  Users don't need to free
> the return value from 'real_path()' to avoid a memory leak.  This
> alone justifies its existence I think.
>
> > One last question: I found some places which don't free the string
> > returned by, for example, real_path() (e.g., find_worktree() at
> > worktree.c). Would it be a valid/good patch (or patches) to add free()
> > calls in this places? (I'm currently trying to get more people here at
> > USP to contribute to git, and maybe this could be a nice first
> > contribution for them...)
>
> Trying to plug memory leaks in the codebase is definitely something
> that I think is worthy of doing.  Sometimes it's not worth actually
> free'ing the memory, for example just before the program exits, in
> which case we can use the UNLEAK annotation.  It was introduced in
> 0e5bba53af ("add UNLEAK annotation for reducing leak false positives",
> 2017-09-08) if you want more background.
>
> That said, the memory from 'real_path()' should actually not be
> free'd.  The strbuf there has a static lifetime, so it is valid until
> git exits.  If we were to free the return value of the function we'd
> actually free an internal buffer of the strbuf, that is still valid.
> So if someone were to use 'real_path()' after that, the memory that
> strbuf still thinks it owns would actually have been free'd, which
> would result in undefined behaviour, and probably would make git
> segfault.
>

Thanks for the great explanation, Thomas. I hadn't noticed that the
strbuf variable inside real_path() is declared as static. I also took
some time, now, to better understand how strbuf functions deal with
the buf attribute (especially how it's realloc'ed) and now I think I
understand it better. Thanks again for the help!

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