Re: [ANNOUNCE] Git v2.22.0-rc3

[Ben Humphreys <behumphreys@atlassian.com>]

Hi folks,

I’m one of the Bitbucket Server developers and I just wanted to let
you know of one of our test cases that is now failing on the 2.22.0
release candidates (tested rc2 and rc3). I’m still looking into it,
but figure the release is probably imminent so worth reporting sooner
than later.

The problem seems to be related to some recent changes in
merge-recursive.c. I’ve made available our test dataset and the
following steps will reproduce the problem:

$ git --version
git version 2.22.0.rc3

$ git clone https://bitbucket.org/ben_humphreys/merge-dataset.git
$ cd merge-dataset
$ git checkout branch_that_has_rename_add_triggering_content_conflict_trgt
$ git merge origin/branch_that_has_rename_add_triggering_content_conflict_src
Assertion failed: (a->path && b->path), function merge_3way, file
merge-recursive.c, line 1044.
Abort trap: 6

The assertion is failing because b->path is null:

(lldb) print a->path
(char *const) $2 = 0x00007f8e177025f8 "count.txt"
(lldb) print b->path
(char *const) $3 = 0x0000000000000000 <no value available>

On Git 2.21.0 the merge succeeds (with conflicts as expected):

$ git merge origin/branch_that_has_rename_add_triggering_content_conflict_src
CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename numbers.txt->count.txt in
origin/branch_that_has_rename_add_triggering_content_conflict_src.
Added count.txt in HEAD
Auto-merging version of count.txt from numbers.txt
Auto-merging count.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

I’ll let you know if I get any further investigating this.

Best Regards,
Ben Humphreys


On Tue, Jun 4, 2019 at 6:23 AM Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> wrote:
>
> A release candidate Git v2.22.0-rc3 is now available for testing
> at the usual places.  It is comprised of 718 non-merge commits
> since v2.21.0, contributed by 67 people, 17 of which are new faces.
>
> Hopefully, this will be the last -rc during this cycle.
>
> The tarballs are found at:
>
>     https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/testing/
>
> The following public repositories all have a copy of the
> 'v2.22.0-rc3' tag and the 'master' branch that the tag points at:
>
>   url = https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git
>   url = git://repo.or.cz/alt-git.git
>   url = https://github.com/gitster/git
>
> New contributors whose contributions weren't in v2.21.0 are as follows.
> Welcome to the Git development community!
>
>   Alexander Blesius, Baruch Siach, Boxuan Li, Chris Mayo,
>   Chris. Webster, Clément Chigot, Corentin BOMPARD, Damien Robert,
>   Dustin Spicuzza, Emily Shaffer, Michal Suchanek, Rohit Ashiwal,
>   Sun Chao, Tanushree Tumane, Vadim Kochan, William Hubbs, and
>   Yash Bhatambare.
>
> Returning contributors who helped this release are as follows.
> Thanks for your continued support.
>
>   Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Alban Gruin, Alexander Shopov, Anders
>   Waldenborg, Andreas Heiduk, Andrei Rybak, Beat Bolli, Ben Peart,
>   Brandon Richardson, brian m. carlson, Carlo Marcelo Arenas
>   Belón, Christian Couder, Daniels Umanovskis, David Aguilar,
>   David Kastrup, Denton Liu, Derrick Stolee, Elijah Newren, Eric
>   Sunshine, Eric Wong, İsmail Dönmez, Jean-Noël Avila, Jeff
>   Hostetler, Jeff King, Jiang Xin, Joel Teichroeb, Joey Hess,
>   Johannes Schindelin, Jonathan Tan, Jordi Mas, Josh Steadmon,
>   Junio C Hamano, Kyle Meyer, Martin Ågren, Matthew Kraai, Mike
>   Hommey, Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy, Paul-Sebastian Ungureanu,
>   Philip Oakley, Phillip Wood, Ramsay Jones, René Scharfe,
>   Robert P. J. Day, Sven Strickroth, SZEDER Gábor, Taylor Blau,
>   Thomas Gummerer, Todd Zullinger, Torsten Bögershausen, and
>   Trần Ngọc Quân.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Git 2.22 Release Notes (draft)
> ==============================
>
> Updates since v2.21
> -------------------
>
> Backward compatibility note
>
>  * The filter specification "--filter=sparse:path=<path>" used to
>    create a lazy/partial clone has been removed.  Using a blob that is
>    part of the project as sparse specification is still supported with
>    the "--filter=sparse:oid=<blob>" option.
>
> UI, Workflows & Features
>
>  * "git checkout --no-overlay" can be used to trigger a new mode of
>    checking out paths out of the tree-ish, that allows paths that
>    match the pathspec that are in the current index and working tree
>    and are not in the tree-ish.
>
>  * The %(trailers) formatter in "git log --format=..."  now allows to
>    optionally pick trailers selectively by keyword, show only values,
>    etc.
>
>  * Four new configuration variables {author,committer}.{name,email}
>    have been introduced to override user.{name,email} in more specific
>    cases.
>
>  * Command-line completion (in contrib/) learned to tab-complete the
>    "git submodule absorbgitdirs" subcommand.
>
>  * "git branch" learned a new subcommand "--show-current".
>
>  * Output from "diff --cc" did not show the original paths when the
>    merge involved renames.  A new option adds the paths in the
>    original trees to the output.
>
>  * The command line completion (in contrib/) has been taught to
>    complete more subcommand parameters.
>
>  * The final report from "git bisect" used to show the suspected
>    culprit using a raw "diff-tree", with which there is no output for
>    a merge commit.  This has been updated to use a more modern and
>    human readable output that still is concise enough.
>
>  * "git rebase --rebase-merges" replaces its old "--preserve-merges"
>    option; the latter is now marked as deprecated.
>
>  * Error message given while cloning with --recurse-submodules has
>    been updated.
>
>  * The completion helper code now pays attention to repository-local
>    configuration (when available), which allows --list-cmds to honour
>    a repository specific setting of completion.commands, for example.
>
>  * "git mergetool" learned to offer Sublime Merge (smerge) as one of
>    its backends.
>
>  * A new hook "post-index-change" is called when the on-disk index
>    file changes, which can help e.g. a virtualized working tree
>    implementation.
>
>  * "git difftool" can now run outside a repository.
>
>  * "git checkout -m <other>" was about carrying the differences
>    between HEAD and the working-tree files forward while checking out
>    another branch, and ignored the differences between HEAD and the
>    index.  The command has been taught to abort when the index and the
>    HEAD are different.
>
>  * A progress indicator has been added to the "index-pack" step, which
>    often makes users wait for completion during "git clone".
>
>  * "git submodule" learns "set-branch" subcommand that allows the
>    submodule.*.branch settings to be modified.
>
>  * "git merge-recursive" backend recently learned a new heuristics to
>    infer file movement based on how other files in the same directory
>    moved.  As this is inherently less robust heuristics than the one
>    based on the content similarity of the file itself (rather than
>    based on what its neighbours are doing), it sometimes gives an
>    outcome unexpected by the end users.  This has been toned down to
>    leave the renamed paths in higher/conflicted stages in the index so
>    that the user can examine and confirm the result.
>
>  * "git tag" learned to give an advice suggesting it might be a
>    mistake when creating an annotated or signed tag that points at
>    another tag.
>
>  * The "git pack-objects" command learned to report the number of
>    objects it packed via the trace2 mechanism.
>
>  * The list of conflicted paths shown in the editor while concluding a
>    conflicted merge was shown above the scissors line when the
>    clean-up mode is set to "scissors", even though it was commented
>    out just like the list of updated paths and other information to
>    help the user explain the merge better.
>
>  * The trace2 tracing facility learned to auto-generate a filename
>    when told to log to a directory.
>
>  * "git clone" learned a new --server-option option when talking over
>    the protocol version 2.
>
>  * The connectivity bitmaps are created by default in bare
>    repositories now; also the pathname hash-cache is created by
>    default to avoid making crappy deltas when repacking.
>
>  * "git branch new A...B" and "git checkout -b new A...B" have been
>    taught that in their contexts, the notation A...B means "the merge
>    base between these two commits", just like "git checkout A...B"
>    detaches HEAD at that commit.
>
>  * Update "git difftool" and "git mergetool" so that the combinations
>    of {diff,merge}.{tool,guitool} configuration variables serve as
>    fallback settings of each other in a sensible order.
>
>  * The "--dir-diff" mode of "git difftool" is not useful in "--no-index"
>    mode; they are now explicitly marked as mutually incompatible.
>
>
> Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
>
>  * The diff machinery, one of the oldest parts of the system, which
>    long predates the parse-options API, uses fairly long and complex
>    handcrafted option parser.  This is being rewritten to use the
>    parse-options API.
>
>  * The implementation of pack-redundant has been updated for
>    performance in a repository with many packfiles.
>
>  * A more structured way to obtain execution trace has been added.
>
>  * "git prune" has been taught to take advantage of reachability
>    bitmap when able.
>
>  * The command line parser of "git commit-tree" has been rewritten to
>    use the parse-options API.
>
>  * Suggest GitGitGadget instead of submitGit as a way to submit
>    patches based on GitHub PR to us.
>
>  * The test framework has been updated to help developers by making it
>    easier to run most of the tests under different versions of
>    over-the-wire protocols.
>
>  * Dev support update to make it easier to compare two formatted
>    results from our documentation.
>
>  * The scripted "git rebase" implementation has been retired.
>
>  * "git multi-pack-index verify" did not scale well with the number of
>    packfiles, which is being improved.
>
>  * "git stash" has been rewritten in C.
>
>  * The "check-docs" Makefile target to support developers has been
>    updated.
>
>  * The tests have been updated not to rely on the abbreviated option
>    names the parse-options API offers, to protect us from an
>    abbreviated form of an option that used to be unique within the
>    command getting non-unique when a new option that share the same
>    prefix is added.
>
>  * The scripted version of "git rebase -i" wrote and rewrote the todo
>    list many times during a single step of its operation, and the
>    recent C-rewrite made a faithful conversion of the logic to C.  The
>    implementation has been updated to carry necessary information
>    around in-core to avoid rewriting the same file over and over
>    unnecessarily.
>
>  * Test framework update to more robustly clean up leftover files and
>    processes after tests are done.
>
>  * Conversion from unsigned char[20] to struct object_id continues.
>
>  * While running "git diff" in a lazy clone, we can upfront know which
>    missing blobs we will need, instead of waiting for the on-demand
>    machinery to discover them one by one.  The code learned to aim to
>    achieve better performance by batching the request for these
>    promised blobs.
>
>  * During an initial "git clone --depth=..." partial clone, it is
>    pointless to spend cycles for a large portion of the connectivity
>    check that enumerates and skips promisor objects (which by
>    definition is all objects fetched from the other side).  This has
>    been optimized out.
>
>  * Mechanically and systematically drop "extern" from function
>    declaration.
>
>  * The script to aggregate perf result unconditionally depended on
>    libjson-perl even though it did not have to, which has been
>    corrected.
>
>  * The internal implementation of "git rebase -i" has been updated to
>    avoid forking a separate "rebase--interactive" process.
>
>  * Allow DEP and ASLR for Windows build to for security hardening.
>
>  * Performance test framework has been broken and measured the version
>    of Git that happens to be on $PATH, not the specified one to
>    measure, for a while, which has been corrected.
>
>  * Optionally "make coccicheck" can feed multiple source files to
>    spatch, gaining performance while spending more memory.
>
>  * Attempt to use an abbreviated option in "git clone --recurs" is
>    responded by a request to disambiguate between --recursive and
>    --recurse-submodules, which is bad because these two are synonyms.
>    The parse-options API has been extended to define such synonyms
>    more easily and not produce an unnecessary failure.
>
>  * A pair of private functions in http.c that had names similar to
>    fread/fwrite did not return the number of elements, which was found
>    to be confusing.
>
>  * Update collision-detecting SHA-1 code to build properly on HP-UX.
>
>
> Fixes since v2.21
> -----------------
>
>  * "git prune-packed" did not notice and complain against excess
>    arguments given from the command line, which now it does.
>    (merge 9b0bd87ed2 rj/prune-packed-excess-args later to maint).
>
>  * Split-index fix.
>    (merge 6e37c8ed3c nd/split-index-null-base-fix later to maint).
>
>  * "git diff --no-index" may still want to access Git goodies like
>    --ext-diff and --textconv, but so far these have been ignored,
>    which has been corrected.
>    (merge 287ab28bfa jk/diff-no-index-initialize later to maint).
>
>  * Unify RPC code for smart http in protocol v0/v1 and v2, which fixes
>    a bug in the latter (lack of authentication retry) and generally
>    improves the code base.
>    (merge a97d00799a jt/http-auth-proto-v2-fix later to maint).
>
>  * The include file compat/bswap.h has been updated so that it is safe
>    to (accidentally) include it more than once.
>    (merge 33aa579a55 jk/guard-bswap-header later to maint).
>
>  * The set of header files used by "make hdr-check" unconditionally
>    included sha256/gcrypt.h, even when it is not used, causing the
>    make target to fail.  We now skip it when GCRYPT_SHA256 is not in
>    use.
>    (merge f23aa18e7f rj/hdr-check-gcrypt-fix later to maint).
>
>  * The Makefile uses 'find' utility to enumerate all the *.h header
>    files, which is expensive on platforms with slow filesystems; it
>    now optionally uses "ls-files" if working within a repository,
>    which is a trick similar to how all sources are enumerated to run
>    ETAGS on.
>    (merge 92b88eba9f js/find-lib-h-with-ls-files-when-possible later to maint).
>
>  * "git rebase" that was reimplemented in C did not set ORIG_HEAD
>    correctly, which has been corrected.
>    (merge cbd29ead92 js/rebase-orig-head-fix later to maint).
>
>  * Dev support.
>    (merge f545737144 js/stress-test-ui-tweak later to maint).
>
>  * CFLAGS now can be tweaked when invoking Make while using
>    DEVELOPER=YesPlease; this did not work well before.
>    (merge 6d5d4b4e93 ab/makefile-help-devs-more later to maint).
>
>  * "git fsck --connectivity-only" omits computation necessary to sift
>    the objects that are not reachable from any of the refs into
>    unreachable and dangling.  This is now enabled when dangling
>    objects are requested (which is done by default, but can be
>    overridden with the "--no-dangling" option).
>    (merge 8d8c2a5aef jk/fsck-doc later to maint).
>
>  * On platforms where "git fetch" is killed with SIGPIPE (e.g. OSX),
>    the upload-pack that runs on the other end that hangs up after
>    detecting an error could cause "git fetch" to die with a signal,
>    which led to a flaky test.  "git fetch" now ignores SIGPIPE during
>    the network portion of its operation (this is not a problem as we
>    check the return status from our write(2)s).
>    (merge 143588949c jk/no-sigpipe-during-network-transport later to maint).
>
>  * A recent update broke "is this object available to us?" check for
>    well-known objects like an empty tree (which should yield "yes",
>    even when there is no on-disk object for an empty tree), which has
>    been corrected.
>    (merge f06ab027ef jk/virtual-objects-do-exist later to maint).
>
>  * The setup code has been cleaned up to avoid leaks around the
>    repository_format structure.
>    (merge e8805af1c3 ma/clear-repository-format later to maint).
>
>  * "git config --type=color ..." is meant to replace "git config --get-color"
>    but there is a slight difference that wasn't documented, which is
>    now fixed.
>    (merge cd8e7593b9 jk/config-type-color-ends-with-lf later to maint).
>
>  * When the "clean" filter can reduce the size of a huge file in the
>    working tree down to a small "token" (a la Git LFS), there is no
>    point in allocating a huge scratch area upfront, but the buffer is
>    sized based on the original file size.  The convert mechanism now
>    allocates very minimum and reallocates as it receives the output
>    from the clean filter process.
>    (merge 02156ab031 jh/resize-convert-scratch-buffer later to maint).
>
>  * "git rebase" uses the refs/rewritten/ hierarchy to store its
>    intermediate states, which inherently makes the hierarchy per
>    worktree, but it didn't quite work well.
>    (merge b9317d55a3 nd/rewritten-ref-is-per-worktree later to maint).
>
>  * "git log -L<from>,<to>:<path>" with "-s" did not suppress the patch
>    output as it should.  This has been corrected.
>    (merge 05314efaea jk/line-log-with-patch later to maint).
>
>  * "git worktree add" used to do a "find an available name with stat
>    and then mkdir", which is race-prone.  This has been fixed by using
>    mkdir and reacting to EEXIST in a loop.
>    (merge 7af01f2367 ms/worktree-add-atomic-mkdir later to maint).
>
>  * Build update for SHA-1 with collision detection.
>    (merge 07a20f569b jk/sha1dc later to maint).
>
>  * Build procedure has been fixed around use of asciidoctor instead of
>    asciidoc.
>    (merge 185f9a0ea0 ma/asciidoctor-fixes later to maint).
>
>  * remote-http transport did not anonymize URLs reported in its error
>    messages at places.
>    (merge c1284b21f2 js/anonymize-remote-curl-diag later to maint).
>
>  * Error messages given from the http transport have been updated so
>    that they can be localized.
>    (merge ed8b4132c8 js/remote-curl-i18n later to maint).
>
>  * "git init" forgot to read platform-specific repository
>    configuration, which made Windows port to ignore settings of
>    core.hidedotfiles, for example.
>
>  * A corner-case object name ambiguity while the sequencer machinery
>    is working (e.g. "rebase -i -x") has been fixed.
>
>  * "git format-patch" did not diagnose an error while opening the
>    output file for the cover-letter, which has been corrected.
>    (merge 2fe95f494c jc/format-patch-error-check later to maint).
>
>  * "git checkout -f <branch>" while the index has an unmerged path
>    incorrectly left some paths in an unmerged state, which has been
>    corrected.
>
>  * A corner case bug in the refs API has been corrected.
>    (merge d3322eb28b jk/refs-double-abort later to maint).
>
>  * Unicode update.
>    (merge 584b62c37b bb/unicode-12 later to maint).
>
>  * dumb-http walker has been updated to share more error recovery
>    strategy with the normal codepath.
>
>  * A buglet in configuration parser has been fixed.
>    (merge 19e7fdaa58 nd/include-if-wildmatch later to maint).
>
>  * The documentation for "git read-tree --reset -u" has been updated.
>    (merge b5a0bd694c nd/read-tree-reset-doc later to maint).
>
>  * Code clean-up around a much-less-important-than-it-used-to-be
>    update_server_info() function.
>    (merge b3223761c8 jk/server-info-rabbit-hole later to maint).
>
>  * The message given when "git commit -a <paths>" errors out has been
>    updated.
>    (merge 5a1dbd48bc nd/commit-a-with-paths-msg-update later to maint).
>
>  * "git cherry-pick --options A..B", after giving control back to the
>    user to ask help resolving a conflicted step, did not honor the
>    options it originally received, which has been corrected.
>
>  * Various glitches in "git gc" around reflog handling have been fixed.
>
>  * The code to read from commit-graph file has been cleanup with more
>    careful error checking before using data read from it.
>
>  * Performance fix around "git fetch" that grabs many refs.
>    (merge b764300912 jt/fetch-pack-wanted-refs-optim later to maint).
>
>  * Protocol v2 support in "git fetch-pack" of shallow clones has been
>    corrected.
>
>  * Performance fix around "git blame", especially in a linear history
>    (which is the norm we should optimize for).
>    (merge f892014943 dk/blame-keep-origin-blob later to maint).
>
>  * Performance fix for "rev-list --parents -- pathspec".
>    (merge 8320b1dbe7 jk/revision-rewritten-parents-in-prio-queue later to maint).
>
>  * Updating the display with progress message has been cleaned up to
>    deal better with overlong messages.
>    (merge 545dc345eb sg/overlong-progress-fix later to maint).
>
>  * "git blame -- path" in a non-bare repository starts blaming from
>    the working tree, and the same command in a bare repository errors
>    out because there is no working tree by definition.  The command
>    has been taught to instead start blaming from the commit at HEAD,
>    which is more useful.
>    (merge a544fb08f8 sg/blame-in-bare-start-at-head later to maint).
>
>  * An underallocation in the code to read the untracked cache
>    extension has been corrected.
>    (merge 3a7b45a623 js/untracked-cache-allocfix later to maint).
>
>  * The code is updated to check the result of memory allocation before
>    it is used in more places, by using xmalloc and/or xcalloc calls.
>    (merge 999b951b28 jk/xmalloc later to maint).
>
>  * The GETTEXT_POISON test option has been quite broken ever since it
>    was made runtime-tunable, which has been fixed.
>    (merge f88b9cb603 jc/gettext-test-fix later to maint).
>
>  * Test fix on APFS that is incapable of store paths in Latin-1.
>    (merge 3889149619 js/iso8895-test-on-apfs later to maint).
>
>  * "git submodule foreach <command> --quiet" did not pass the option
>    down correctly, which has been corrected.
>    (merge a282f5a906 nd/submodule-foreach-quiet later to maint).
>
>  * "git send-email" has been taught to use quoted-printable when the
>    payload contains carriage-return.  The use of the mechanism is in
>    line with the design originally added the codepath that chooses QP
>    when the payload has overly long lines.
>    (merge 74d76a1701 bc/send-email-qp-cr later to maint).
>
>  * The recently added feature to add addresses that are on
>    anything-by: trailers in 'git send-email' was found to be way too
>    eager and considered nonsense strings as if they can be legitimate
>    beginning of *-by: trailer.  This has been tightened.
>
>  * Builds with gettext broke on recent macOS w/ Homebrew, which
>    seems to have stopped including from /usr/local/include; this
>    has been corrected.
>    (merge 92a1377a2a js/macos-gettext-build later to maint).
>
>  * Running "git add" on a repository created inside the current
>    repository is an explicit indication that the user wants to add it
>    as a submodule, but when the HEAD of the inner repository is on an
>    unborn branch, it cannot be added as a submodule.  Worse, the files
>    in its working tree can be added as if they are a part of the outer
>    repository, which is not what the user wants.  These problems are
>    being addressed.
>    (merge f937bc2f86 km/empty-repo-is-still-a-repo later to maint).
>
>  * "git cherry-pick" run with the "-x" or the "--signoff" option used
>    to (and more importantly, ought to) clean up the commit log message
>    with the --cleanup=space option by default, but this has been
>    broken since late 2017.  This has been fixed.
>
>  * When given a tag that points at a commit-ish, "git replace --graft"
>    failed to peel the tag before writing a replace ref, which did not
>    make sense because the old graft mechanism the feature wants to
>    mimic only allowed to replace one commit object with another.
>    This has been fixed.
>    (merge ee521ec4cb cc/replace-graft-peel-tags later to maint).
>
>  * Code tightening against a "wrong" object appearing where an object
>    of a different type is expected, instead of blindly assuming that
>    the connection between objects are correctly made.
>    (merge 97dd512af7 tb/unexpected later to maint).
>
>  * An earlier update for MinGW and Cygwin accidentally broke MSVC build,
>    which has been fixed.
>    (merge 22c3634c0f ss/msvc-path-utils-fix later to maint).
>
>  * %(push:track) token used in the --format option to "git
>    for-each-ref" and friends was not showing the right branch, which
>    has been fixed.
>    (merge c646d0934e dr/ref-filter-push-track-fix later to maint).
>
>  * "make check-docs", "git help -a", etc. did not account for cases
>    where a particular build may deliberately omit some subcommands,
>    which has been corrected.
>
>  * The logic to tell if a Git repository has a working tree protects
>    "git branch -D" from removing the branch that is currently checked
>    out by mistake.  The implementation of this logic was broken for
>    repositories with unusual name, which unfortunately is the norm for
>    submodules these days.  This has been fixed.
>    (merge f3534c98e4 jt/submodule-repo-is-with-worktree later to maint).
>
>  * AIX shared the same build issues with other BSDs around fileno(fp),
>    which has been corrected.
>    (merge ee662bf5c6 cc/aix-has-fileno-as-a-macro later to maint).
>
>  * The autoconf generated configure script failed to use the right
>    gettext() implementations from -libintl by ignoring useless stub
>    implementations shipped in some C library, which has been
>    corrected.
>    (merge b71e56a683 vk/autoconf-gettext later to maint).
>
>  * Fix index-pack perf test so that the repeated invocations always
>    run in an empty repository, which emulates the initial clone
>    situation better.
>    (merge 775c71e16d jk/p5302-avoid-collision-check-cost later to maint).
>
>  * A "ls-files" that emulates "find" to enumerate files in the working
>    tree resulted in duplicated Makefile rules that caused the build to
>    issue an unnecessary warning during a trial build after merge
>    conflicts are resolved in working tree *.h files but before the
>    resolved results are added to the index.  This has been corrected.
>
>  * "git cherry-pick" (and "revert" that shares the same runtime engine)
>    that deals with multiple commits got confused when the final step
>    gets stopped with a conflict and the user concluded the sequence
>    with "git commit".  Attempt to fix it by cleaning up the state
>    files used by these commands in such a situation.
>    (merge 4a72486de9 pw/clean-sequencer-state-upon-final-commit later to maint).
>
>  * On a filesystem like HFS+, the names of the refs stored as filesystem
>    entities may become different from what the end-user expects, just
>    like files in the working tree get "renamed".  Work around the
>    mismatch by paying attention to the core.precomposeUnicode
>    configuration.
>    (merge 8e712ef6fc en/unicode-in-refnames later to maint).
>
>  * The code to generate the multi-pack idx file was not prepared to
>    see too many packfiles and ran out of open file descriptor, which
>    has been corrected.
>
>  * To run tests for Git SVN, our scripts for CI used to install the
>    git-svn package (in the hope that it would bring in the right
>    dependencies).  This has been updated to install the more direct
>    dependency, namely, libsvn-perl.
>    (merge db864306cf sg/ci-libsvn-perl later to maint).
>
>  * "git cvsexportcommit" running on msys did not expect cvsnt showed
>    "cvs status" output with CRLF line endings.
>
>  * The fsmonitor interface got out of sync after the in-core index
>    file gets discarded, which has been corrected.
>    (merge 398a3b0899 js/fsmonitor-refresh-after-discarding-index later to maint).
>
>  * "git status" did not know that the "label" instruction in the
>    todo-list "rebase -i -r" uses should not be shown as a hex object
>    name.
>
>  * A prerequisite check in the test suite to see if a working jgit is
>    available was made more robust.
>    (merge abd0f28983 tz/test-lib-check-working-jgit later to maint).
>
>  * The codepath to parse :<path> that obtains the object name for an
>    indexed object has been made more robust.
>
>  * Code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
>    (merge 11f470aee7 jc/test-yes-doc later to maint).
>    (merge 90503a240b js/doc-symref-in-proto-v1 later to maint).
>    (merge 5c326d1252 jk/unused-params later to maint).
>    (merge 68cabbfda3 dl/doc-submodule-wo-subcommand later to maint).
>    (merge 9903623761 ab/receive-pack-use-after-free-fix later to maint).
>    (merge 1ede45e44b en/merge-options-doc later to maint).
>    (merge 3e14dd2c8e rd/doc-hook-used-in-sample later to maint).
>    (merge c271dc28fd nd/no-more-check-racy later to maint).
>    (merge e6e15194a8 yb/utf-16le-bom-spellfix later to maint).
>    (merge bb101aaf0c rd/attr.c-comment-typofix later to maint).
>    (merge 716a5af812 rd/gc-prune-doc-fix later to maint).
>    (merge 50b206371d js/untravis-windows later to maint).
>    (merge dbf47215e3 js/rebase-recreate-merge later to maint).
>    (merge 56cb2d30f8 dl/reset-doc-no-wrt-abbrev later to maint).
>    (merge 64eca306a2 ja/dir-rename-doc-markup-fix later to maint).
>    (merge af91b0230c dl/ignore-docs later to maint).
>    (merge 59a06e947b ra/t3600-test-path-funcs later to maint).
>    (merge e041d0781b ar/t4150-remove-cruft later to maint).
>    (merge 8d75a1d183 ma/asciidoctor-fixes-more later to maint).
>    (merge 74cc547b0f mh/pack-protocol-doc-fix later to maint).
>    (merge ed31851fa6 ab/doc-misc-typofixes later to maint).
>    (merge a7256debd4 nd/checkout-m-doc-update later to maint).
>    (merge 3a9e1ad78d jt/t5551-protocol-v2-does-not-have-half-auth later to maint).
>    (merge 0b918b75af sg/t5318-cleanup later to maint).
>    (merge 68ed71b53c cb/doco-mono later to maint).
>    (merge a34dca2451 nd/interpret-trailers-docfix later to maint).
>    (merge cf7b857a77 en/fast-import-parsing-fix later to maint).
>    (merge fe61ccbc35 po/rerere-doc-fmt later to maint).
>    (merge ffea0248bf po/describe-not-necessarily-7 later to maint).
>    (merge 7cb7283adb tg/ls-files-debug-format-fix later to maint).
>    (merge f64a21bd82 tz/doc-apostrophe-no-longer-needed later to maint).
>    (merge dbe7b41019 js/t3301-unbreak-notes-test later to maint).
>    (merge d8083e4180 km/t3000-retitle later to maint).
>    (merge 9e4cbccbd7 tz/git-svn-doc-markup-fix later to maint).
>    (merge da9ca955a7 jk/ls-files-doc-markup-fix later to maint).
>    (merge 6804ba3a58 cw/diff-highlight later to maint).
>    (merge 1a8787144d nd/submodule-helper-incomplete-line-fix later to maint).
>    (merge d9ef573837 jk/apache-lsan later to maint).
>    (merge c871fbee2b js/t6500-use-windows-pid-on-mingw later to maint).
>    (merge ce4c7bfc90 bl/t4253-exit-code-from-format-patch later to maint).
>    (merge 397a46db78 js/t5580-unc-alternate-test later to maint).
>    (merge d4907720a2 cm/notes-comment-fix later to maint).
>    (merge 9dde06de13 cb/http-push-null-in-message-fix later to maint).
>    (merge 4c785c0edc js/rebase-config-bitfix later to maint).
>    (merge 8e9fe16c87 es/doc-gitsubmodules-markup later to maint).
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Changes since v2.21.0 are as follows:
>
> Alban Gruin (18):
>       sequencer: changes in parse_insn_buffer()
>       sequencer: make the todo_list structure public
>       sequencer: remove the 'arg' field from todo_item
>       sequencer: refactor transform_todos() to work on a todo_list
>       sequencer: introduce todo_list_write_to_file()
>       sequencer: refactor check_todo_list() to work on a todo_list
>       sequencer: refactor sequencer_add_exec_commands() to work on a todo_list
>       sequencer: refactor rearrange_squash() to work on a todo_list
>       sequencer: make sequencer_make_script() write its script to a strbuf
>       sequencer: change complete_action() to use the refactored functions
>       rebase--interactive: move sequencer_add_exec_commands()
>       rebase--interactive: move rearrange_squash_in_todo_file()
>       sequencer: refactor skip_unnecessary_picks() to work on a todo_list
>       rebase-interactive: use todo_list_write_to_file() in edit_todo_list()
>       rebase-interactive: append_todo_help() changes
>       rebase-interactive: rewrite edit_todo_list() to handle the initial edit
>       sequencer: use edit_todo_list() in complete_action()
>       rebase--interactive: move transform_todo_file()
>
> Alexander Blesius (1):
>       doc: fix typos in man pages
>
> Alexander Shopov (1):
>       gitk: Update Bulgarian translation (317t)
>
> Anders Waldenborg (7):
>       doc: group pretty-format.txt placeholders descriptions
>       pretty: allow %(trailers) options with explicit value
>       pretty: single return path in %(trailers) handling
>       pretty: allow showing specific trailers
>       pretty: add support for "valueonly" option in %(trailers)
>       strbuf: separate callback for strbuf_expand:ing literals
>       pretty: add support for separator option in %(trailers)
>
> Andreas Heiduk (1):
>       revisions.txt: remove ambibuity between <rev>:<path> and :<path>
>
> Andrei Rybak (1):
>       t4150: remove unused variable
>
> Baruch Siach (1):
>       send-email: don't cc *-by lines with '-' prefix
>
> Beat Bolli (1):
>       unicode: update the width tables to Unicode 12
>
> Ben Peart (1):
>       read-cache: add post-index-change hook
>
> Boxuan Li (1):
>       t4253-am-keep-cr-dos: avoid using pipes
>
> Brandon Richardson (1):
>       commit-tree: utilize parse-options api
>
> Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón (1):
>       http-push: prevent format overflow warning with gcc >= 9
>
> Chris Mayo (1):
>       notes: correct documentation of format_display_notes()
>
> Chris. Webster (1):
>       diff-highlight: use correct /dev/null for UNIX and Windows
>
> Christian Couder (5):
>       t6050: use test_line_count instead of wc -l
>       t6050: redirect expected error output to a file
>       replace: peel tag when passing a tag as parent to --graft
>       replace: peel tag when passing a tag first to --graft
>       list-objects-filter: disable 'sparse:path' filters
>
> Clément Chigot (2):
>       Makefile: use fileno macro work around on AIX
>       git-compat-util: work around for access(X_OK) under root
>
> Corentin BOMPARD (2):
>       doc/CodingGuidelines: URLs and paths as monospace
>       doc: format pathnames and URLs as monospace.
>
> Damien Robert (1):
>       ref-filter: use correct branch for %(push:track)
>
> Daniels Umanovskis (1):
>       branch: introduce --show-current display option
>
> David Aguilar (2):
>       mergetools: add support for smerge (Sublime Merge)
>       contrib/completion: add smerge to the mergetool completion candidates
>
> David Kastrup (1):
>       blame.c: don't drop origin blobs as eagerly
>
> Denton Liu (38):
>       completion: complete git submodule absorbgitdirs
>       git-submodule.txt: "--branch <branch>" option defaults to 'master'
>       submodule--helper: teach config subcommand --unset
>       submodule: document default behavior
>       git-reset.txt: clarify documentation
>       git-clean.txt: clarify ignore pattern files
>       docs: move core.excludesFile from git-add to gitignore
>       contrib/subtree: ensure only one rev is provided
>       midx.c: convert FLEX_ALLOC_MEM to FLEX_ALLOC_STR
>       cocci: FLEX_ALLOC_MEM to FLEX_ALLOC_STR
>       tag: fix formatting
>       submodule: teach set-branch subcommand
>       tag: advise on nested tags
>       t7600: clean up style
>       t3507: clean up style
>       t7604: clean up style
>       t7502: clean up style
>       commit: extract cleanup_mode functions to sequencer
>       parse-options.h: extract common --cleanup option
>       merge: cleanup messages like commit
>       merge: add scissors line on merge conflict
>       cherry-pick/revert: add scissors line on merge conflict
>       t7610: unsuppress output
>       t7610: add mergetool --gui tests
>       *.[ch]: remove extern from function declarations using spatch
>       *.[ch]: remove extern from function declarations using sed
>       *.[ch]: manually align parameter lists
>       t2018: cleanup in current test
>       branch: make create_branch accept a merge base rev
>       revisions.txt: change "rev" to "<rev>"
>       revisions.txt: mark optional rev arguments with []
>       revisions.txt: mention <rev>~ form
>       tag: fix typo in nested tagging hint
>       mergetool: use get_merge_tool function
>       mergetool--lib: create gui_mode function
>       mergetool: fallback to tool when guitool unavailable
>       difftool: make --gui, --tool and --extcmd mutually exclusive
>       difftool: fallback on merge.guitool
>
> Derrick Stolee (4):
>       trace2:data: pack-objects: add trace2 regions
>       midx: pass a repository pointer
>       midx: add packs to packed_git linked list
>       trace2: add variable description to git.txt
>
> Dustin Spicuzza (1):
>       cvsexportcommit: force crlf translation
>
> Elijah Newren (23):
>       log,diff-tree: add --combined-all-paths option
>       merge-options.txt: correct wording of --no-commit option
>       t9300: demonstrate bug with get-mark and empty orphan commits
>       git-fast-import.txt: fix wording about where ls command can appear
>       fast-import: check most prominent commands first
>       fast-import: only allow cat-blob requests where it makes sense
>       fast-import: fix erroneous handling of get-mark with empty orphan commits
>       Use 'unsigned short' for mode, like diff_filespec does
>       merge-recursive: rename merge_options argument from 'o' to 'opt'
>       merge-recursive: rename diff_filespec 'one' to 'o'
>       merge-recursive: rename locals 'o' and 'a' to 'obuf' and 'abuf'
>       merge-recursive: use 'ci' for rename_conflict_info variable name
>       merge-recursive: move some struct declarations together
>       merge-recursive: shrink rename_conflict_info
>       merge-recursive: remove ren[12]_other fields from rename_conflict_info
>       merge-recursive: track branch where rename occurred in rename struct
>       merge-recursive: cleanup handle_rename_* function signatures
>       merge-recursive: switch from (oid,mode) pairs to a diff_filespec
>       t6043: fix copied test description to match its purpose
>       merge-recursive: track information associated with directory renames
>       merge-recursive: give callers of handle_content_merge() access to contents
>       merge-recursive: switch directory rename detection default
>       Honor core.precomposeUnicode in more places
>
> Emily Shaffer (1):
>       gitsubmodules: align html and nroff lists
>
> Eric Sunshine (1):
>       check-non-portable-shell: support Perl versions older than 5.10
>
> Eric Wong (1):
>       repack: enable bitmaps by default on bare repos
>
> Jean-Noël Avila (3):
>       l10n: fr.po remove obsolete entries
>       Doc: fix misleading asciidoc formating
>       diff: fix mistake in translatable strings
>
> Jeff Hostetler (30):
>       trace2: Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
>       trace2: create new combined trace facility
>       trace2: collect Windows-specific process information
>       trace2:data: add trace2 regions to wt-status
>       trace2:data: add editor/pager child classification
>       trace2:data: add trace2 sub-process classification
>       trace2:data: add trace2 transport child classification
>       trace2:data: add subverb to checkout command
>       trace2:data: add subverb to reset command
>       trace2:data: add trace2 hook classification
>       trace2:data: add subverb for rebase
>       trace2:data: add trace2 instrumentation to index read/write
>       trace2: t/helper/test-trace2, t0210.sh, t0211.sh, t0212.sh
>       trace2: add for_each macros to clang-format
>       progress: add sparse mode to force 100% complete message
>       trace2:data: add trace2 data to midx
>       midx: add progress indicators in multi-pack-index verify
>       midx: during verify group objects by packfile to speed verification
>       config: initialize opts structure in repo_read_config()
>       trace2: refactor setting process starting time
>       trace2: add absolute elapsed time to start event
>       trace2: find exec-dir before trace2 initialization
>       config: add read_very_early_config()
>       trace2: use system/global config for default trace2 settings
>       trace2: report peak memory usage of the process
>       trace2: clarify UTC datetime formatting
>       trace2: make SIDs more unique
>       trace2: update docs to describe system/global config settings
>       trace2: fixup access problem on /etc/gitconfig in read_very_early_config
>       trace2: fix tracing when NO_PTHREADS is defined
>
> Jeff King (92):
>       prune: lazily perform reachability traversal
>       prune: use bitmaps for reachability traversal
>       prune: check SEEN flag for reachability
>       t5304: rename "sha1" variables to "oid"
>       diff: drop options parameter from diffcore_fix_diff_index()
>       diff: drop unused color reset parameters
>       diff: drop unused emit data parameter from sane_truncate_line()
>       diff: drop complete_rewrite parameter from run_external_diff()
>       merge-recursive: drop several unused parameters
>       pack-objects: drop unused parameter from oe_map_new_pack()
>       files-backend: drop refs parameter from split_symref_update()
>       ref-filter: drop unused buf/sz pairs
>       ref-filter: drop unused "obj" parameters
>       ref-filter: drop unused "sz" parameters
>       diff: reuse diff setup for --no-index case
>       bisect: use string arguments to feed internal diff-tree
>       bisect: fix internal diff-tree config loading
>       bisect: make diff-tree output prettier
>       fetch: avoid calling write_or_die()
>       fetch: ignore SIGPIPE during network operation
>       rev-list: allow cached objects in existence check
>       doc/fsck: clarify --connectivity-only behavior
>       fsck: always compute USED flags for unreachable objects
>       compat/bswap: add include header guards
>       config: document --type=color output is a complete line
>       line-log: suppress diff output with "-s"
>       line-log: detect unsupported formats
>       point pull requesters to GitGitGadget
>       Makefile: fix unaligned loads in sha1dc with UBSan
>       t5310: correctly remove bitmaps for jgit test
>       pack-objects: default to writing bitmap hash-cache
>       perf-lib.sh: rely on test-lib.sh for --tee handling
>       revision: drop some unused "revs" parameters
>       log: drop unused rev_info from early output
>       log: drop unused "len" from show_tagger()
>       update-index: drop unused prefix_length parameter from do_reupdate()
>       test-date: drop unused "now" parameter from parse_dates()
>       unpack-trees: drop name_entry from traverse_by_cache_tree()
>       unpack-trees: drop unused error_type parameters
>       report_path_error(): drop unused prefix parameter
>       fetch_pack(): drop unused parameters
>       parse-options: drop unused ctx parameter from show_gitcomp()
>       pretty: drop unused "type" parameter in needs_rfc2047_encoding()
>       pretty: drop unused strbuf from parse_padding_placeholder()
>       git: read local config in --list-cmds
>       completion: fix multiple command removals
>       parse_opt_ref_sorting: always use with NONEG flag
>       refs/files-backend: handle packed transaction prepare failure
>       refs/files-backend: don't look at an aborted transaction
>       http: factor out curl result code normalization
>       http: normalize curl results for dumb loose and alternates fetches
>       http: use normalize_curl_result() instead of manual conversion
>       revision: use a prio_queue to hold rewritten parents
>       get_commit_tree(): return NULL for broken tree
>       rev-list: let traversal die when --missing is not in use
>       rev-list: detect broken root trees
>       test-prio-queue: use xmalloc
>       xdiff: use git-compat-util
>       xdiff: use xmalloc/xrealloc
>       progress: use xmalloc/xcalloc
>       t5516: drop ok=sigpipe from unreachable-want tests
>       t5530: check protocol response for "not our ref"
>       upload-pack: send ERR packet for non-tip objects
>       pkt-line: prepare buffer before handling ERR packets
>       fetch: use free_refs()
>       remote.c: make singular free_ref() public
>       fetch: do not consider peeled tags as advertised tips
>       packfile.h: drop extern from function declarations
>       pack-revindex: open index if necessary
>       t5319: fix bogus cat-file argument
>       t5319: drop useless --buffer from cat-file
>       midx: check both pack and index names for containment
>       packfile: fix pack basename computation
>       http: simplify parsing of remote objects/info/packs
>       server-info: fix blind pointer arithmetic
>       server-info: simplify cleanup in parse_pack_def()
>       server-info: use strbuf to read old info/packs file
>       server-info: drop nr_alloc struct member
>       server-info: drop objdirlen pointer arithmetic
>       update_info_refs(): drop unused force parameter
>       t5304: add a test for pruning with bitmaps
>       untracked-cache: be defensive about missing NULs in index
>       untracked-cache: simplify parsing by dropping "next"
>       untracked-cache: simplify parsing by dropping "len"
>       p5302: create the repo in each index-pack test
>       doc/ls-files: put nested list for "-t" option into block
>       t/perf: depend on perl JSON only when using --codespeed
>       t/perf: add perf script for partial clones
>       coccicheck: optionally batch spatch invocations
>       t/lib-httpd: pass LSAN_OPTIONS through apache
>       coccicheck: make batch size of 0 mean "unlimited"
>       get_oid: handle NULL repo->index
>
> Jiang Xin (5):
>       t5323: test cases for git-pack-redundant
>       pack-redundant: delay creation of unique_objects
>       pack-redundant: rename pack_list.all_objects
>       pack-redundant: consistent sort method
>       i18n: fix typos found during l10n for git 2.22.0
>
> Joel Teichroeb (5):
>       stash: improve option parsing test coverage
>       stash: convert apply to builtin
>       stash: convert drop and clear to builtin
>       stash: convert branch to builtin
>       stash: convert pop to builtin
>
> Joey Hess (1):
>       convert: avoid malloc of original file size
>
> Johannes Schindelin (67):
>       ident: add the ability to provide a "fallback identity"
>       travis: remove the hack to build the Windows job on Azure Pipelines
>       tests: let --stress-limit=<N> imply --stress
>       tests: introduce --stress-jobs=<N>
>       built-in rebase: no need to check out `onto` twice
>       built-in rebase: use the correct reflog when switching branches
>       built-in rebase: demonstrate that ORIG_HEAD is not set correctly
>       built-in rebase: set ORIG_HEAD just once, before the rebase
>       Makefile: use `git ls-files` to list header files, if possible
>       curl: anonymize URLs in error messages and warnings
>       remote-curl: mark all error messages for translation
>       stash: add back the original, scripted `git stash`
>       stash: optionally use the scripted version again
>       tests: add a special setup where stash.useBuiltin is off
>       legacy stash: fix "rudimentary backport of -q"
>       built-in stash: handle :(glob) pathspecs again
>       mingw: drop MakeMaker reference
>       mingw: allow building with an MSYS2 runtime v3.x
>       rebase: deprecate --preserve-merges
>       mingw: respect core.hidedotfiles = false in git-init again
>       test-lib: introduce 'test_atexit'
>       git-daemon: use 'test_atexit` to stop 'git-daemon'
>       git p4 test: use 'test_atexit' to kill p4d and the watchdog process
>       rebase -i: demonstrate obscure loose object cache bug
>       sequencer: improve error message when an OID could not be parsed
>       sequencer: move stale comment into correct location
>       get_oid(): when an object was not found, try harder
>       difftool: remove obsolete (and misleading) comment
>       parse-options: make OPT_ARGUMENT() more useful
>       difftool: allow running outside Git worktrees with --no-index
>       docs: move gitremote-helpers into section 7
>       docs: do not document the `git remote-testgit` command
>       check-docs: really look at the documented commands again
>       check-docs: do not expect guide pages to correspond to commands
>       check-docs: fix for setups where executables have an extension
>       tests (rebase): spell out the `--keep-empty` option
>       tests (rebase): spell out the `--force-rebase` option
>       t7810: do not abbreviate `--no-exclude-standard` nor `--invert-match`
>       t5531: avoid using an abbreviated option
>       tests (push): do not abbreviate the `--follow-tags` option
>       tests (status): spell out the `--find-renames` option in full
>       tests (pack-objects): use the full, unabbreviated `--revs` option
>       t3301: fix false negative
>       untracked cache: fix off-by-one
>       tests: disallow the use of abbreviated options (by default)
>       t9822: skip tests if file names cannot be ISO-8859-1 encoded
>       macOS: make sure that gettext is found
>       remote-testgit: move it into the support directory for t5801
>       Makefile: drop the NO_INSTALL variable
>       help -a: do not list commands that are excluded from the build
>       check-docs: allow command-list.txt to contain excluded commands
>       docs: exclude documentation for commands that have been excluded
>       check-docs: do not bother checking for legacy scripts' documentation
>       test-tool: handle the `-C <directory>` option just like `git`
>       Turn `git serve` into a test helper
>       t5580: verify that alternates can be UNC paths
>       fsmonitor: demonstrate that it is not refreshed after discard_index()
>       fsmonitor: force a refresh after the index was discarded
>       t6500(mingw): use the Windows PID of the shell
>       difftool --no-index: error out on --dir-diff (and don't crash)
>       status: fix display of rebase -ir's `label` command
>       parse-options: adjust `parse_opt_unknown_cb()`s declared return type
>       stash: document stash.useBuiltin
>       rebase: replace incorrect logical negation by correct bitwise one
>       tests: mark a couple more test cases as requiring `rebase -p`
>       docs: say that `--rebase=preserve` is deprecated
>       rebase docs: recommend `-r` over `-p`
>
> Jonathan Tan (25):
>       remote-curl: reduce scope of rpc_state.argv
>       remote-curl: reduce scope of rpc_state.stdin_preamble
>       remote-curl: reduce scope of rpc_state.result
>       remote-curl: refactor reading into rpc_state's buf
>       remote-curl: use post_rpc() for protocol v2 also
>       tests: define GIT_TEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION
>       t5601: check ssh command only with protocol v0
>       tests: always test fetch of unreachable with v0
>       t5503: fix overspecification of trace expectation
>       t5512: compensate for v0 only sending HEAD symrefs
>       t5700: only run with protocol version 1
>       tests: fix protocol version for overspecifications
>       t5552: compensate for v2 filtering ref adv.
>       submodule: explain first attempt failure clearly
>       t5551: mark half-auth no-op fetch test as v0-only
>       fetch-pack: call prepare_shallow_info only if v0
>       fetch-pack: respect --no-update-shallow in v2
>       sha1-file: support OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH
>       fetch-pack: binary search when storing wanted-refs
>       diff: batch fetching of missing blobs
>       pack-objects: write objects packed to trace2
>       transport: die if server options are unsupported
>       clone: send server options when using protocol v2
>       worktree: update is_bare heuristics
>       fetch-pack: send server options after command
>
> Jordi Mas (1):
>       l10n: Fixes to Catalan translation
>
> Josh Steadmon (5):
>       protocol-capabilities.txt: document symref
>       trace2: write to directory targets
>       clone: do faster object check for partial clones
>       trace2: fix incorrect function pointer check
>       commit-graph: fix memory leak
>
> Junio C Hamano (18):
>       test: caution on our version of 'yes'
>       builtin/log: downcase the beginning of error messages
>       format-patch: notice failure to open cover letter for writing
>       Start 2.22 cycle
>       The second batch
>       The third batch
>       The fourth batch
>       gettext tests: export the restored GIT_TEST_GETTEXT_POISON
>       The fifth batch
>       The sixth batch
>       Makefile: dedup list of files obtained from ls-files
>       The seventh batch
>       The eighth batch
>       Git 2.22-rc0
>       pkt-line: drop 'const'-ness of a param to set_packet_header()
>       Git 2.22-rc1
>       Git 2.22-rc2
>       Git 2.22-rc3
>
> Kyle Meyer (5):
>       rebase docs: fix "gitlink" typo
>       submodule: refuse to add repository with no commits
>       dir: do not traverse repositories with no commits
>       add: error appropriately on repository with no commits
>       t3000 (ls-files -o): widen description to reflect current tests
>
> Martin Ågren (14):
>       setup: free old value before setting `work_tree`
>       setup: fix memory leaks with `struct repository_format`
>       config/diff.txt: drop spurious backtick
>       config/fsck.txt: avoid starting line with dash
>       git.txt: remove empty line before list continuation
>       git-svn.txt: drop escaping '\' that ends up being rendered
>       Documentation: turn middle-of-line tabs into spaces
>       Documentation/Makefile: add missing xsl dependencies for manpages
>       Documentation/Makefile: add missing dependency on asciidoctor-extensions
>       asciidoctor-extensions: fix spurious space after linkgit
>       Doc: auto-detect changed build flags
>       doc-diff: let `render_tree()` take an explicit directory name
>       doc-diff: support diffing from/to AsciiDoc(tor)
>       doc-diff: add `--cut-header-footer`
>
> Matthew Kraai (1):
>       t3903: add test for --intent-to-add file
>
> Michal Suchanek (1):
>       worktree: fix worktree add race
>
> Mike Hommey (2):
>       fix pack protocol example client/server communication
>       Make fread/fwrite-like functions in http.c more like fread/fwrite.
>
> Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy (129):
>       parse-options.h: remove extern on function prototypes
>       parse-options: add one-shot mode
>       parse-options: disable option abbreviation with PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN
>       parse-options: add OPT_BITOP()
>       parse-options: stop abusing 'callback' for lowlevel callbacks
>       parse-options: avoid magic return codes
>       parse-options: allow ll_callback with OPTION_CALLBACK
>       diff.h: keep forward struct declarations sorted
>       diff.h: avoid bit fields in struct diff_flags
>       diff.c: prepare to use parse_options() for parsing
>       diff.c: convert -u|-p|--patch
>       diff.c: convert -U|--unified
>       diff.c: convert -W|--[no-]function-context
>       diff.c: convert --raw
>       read-cache.c: fix writing "link" index ext with null base oid
>       completion: add more parameter value completion
>       diff-parseopt: convert --patch-with-raw
>       diff-parseopt: convert --numstat and --shortstat
>       diff-parseopt: convert --dirstat and friends
>       diff-parseopt: convert --check
>       diff-parseopt: convert --summary
>       diff-parseopt: convert --patch-with-stat
>       diff-parseopt: convert --name-only
>       diff-parseopt: convert --name-status
>       diff-parseopt: convert -s|--no-patch
>       diff-parseopt: convert --stat*
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[no-]compact-summary
>       diff-parseopt: convert --output-*
>       diff-parseopt: convert -B|--break-rewrites
>       diff-parseopt: convert -M|--find-renames
>       diff-parseopt: convert -D|--irreversible-delete
>       diff-parseopt: convert -C|--find-copies
>       diff-parseopt: convert --find-copies-harder
>       diff-parseopt: convert --no-renames|--[no--rename-empty
>       diff-parseopt: convert --relative
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[no-]minimal
>       diff-parseopt: convert --ignore-some-changes
>       Delete check-racy.c
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[no-]indent-heuristic
>       diff-parseopt: convert --patience
>       diff-parseopt: convert --histogram
>       diff-parseopt: convert --diff-algorithm
>       diff-parseopt: convert --anchored
>       diff-parseopt: convert --binary
>       diff-parseopt: convert --full-index
>       diff-parseopt: convert -a|--text
>       diff-parseopt: convert -R
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[no-]follow
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[no-]color
>       diff-parseopt: convert --word-diff
>       diff-parseopt: convert --word-diff-regex
>       diff-parseopt: convert --color-words
>       diff-parseopt: convert --exit-code
>       diff-parseopt: convert --quiet
>       diff-parseopt: convert --ext-diff
>       diff-parseopt: convert --textconv
>       diff-parseopt: convert --ignore-submodules
>       diff-parseopt: convert --submodule
>       files-backend.c: factor out per-worktree code in loose_fill_ref_dir()
>       files-backend.c: reduce duplication in add_per_worktree_entries_to_dir()
>       Make sure refs/rewritten/ is per-worktree
>       unpack-trees: fix oneway_merge accidentally carry over stage index
>       checkout.txt: note about losing staged changes with --merge
>       commit: improve error message in "-a <paths>" case
>       unpack-trees: keep gently check inside add_rejected_path
>       unpack-trees: rename "gently" flag to "quiet"
>       read-tree: add --quiet
>       checkout: prevent losing staged changes with --merge
>       diff-parseopt: convert --ws-error-highlight
>       diff-parseopt: convert --ita-[in]visible-in-index
>       diff-parseopt: convert -z
>       diff-parseopt: convert -l
>       diff-parseopt: convert -S|-G
>       diff-parseopt: convert --pickaxe-all|--pickaxe-regex
>       diff-parseopt: convert -O
>       diff-parseopt: convert --find-object
>       diff-parseopt: convert --diff-filter
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[no-]abbrev
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[src|dst]-prefix
>       diff-parseopt: convert --line-prefix
>       diff-parseopt: convert --no-prefix
>       diff-parseopt: convert --inter-hunk-context
>       diff-parseopt: convert --[no-]color-moved
>       diff-parseopt: convert --color-moved-ws
>       diff.c: allow --no-color-moved-ws
>       range-diff: use parse_options() instead of diff_opt_parse()
>       diff --no-index: use parse_options() instead of diff_opt_parse()
>       am: avoid diff_opt_parse()
>       config: correct '**' matching in includeIf patterns
>       interpret-trailers.txt: start the desc line with a capital letter
>       read-tree.txt: clarify --reset and worktree changes
>       packfile.c: add repo_approximate_object_count()
>       refs.c: add refs_ref_exists()
>       refs.c: add refs_shorten_unambiguous_ref()
>       refs.c: remove the_repo from substitute_branch_name()
>       refs.c: remove the_repo from expand_ref()
>       refs.c: add repo_dwim_ref()
>       refs.c: add repo_dwim_log()
>       refs.c: remove the_repo from read_ref_at()
>       submodule foreach: fix "<command> --quiet" not being respected
>       commit.cocci: refactor code, avoid double rewrite
>       commit.c: add repo_get_commit_tree()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from sort_ambiguous()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from find_abbrev_len_packed()
>       sha1-name.c: add repo_find_unique_abbrev_r()
>       sha1-name.c: store and use repo in struct disambiguate_state
>       sha1-name.c: add repo_for_each_abbrev()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from get_short_oid()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from interpret_nth_prior_checkout()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from interpret_branch_mark()
>       sha1-name.c: add repo_interpret_branch_name()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from get_oid_oneline()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from get_describe_name()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from get_oid_basic()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from get_oid_1()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from handle_one_ref()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from diagnose_invalid_index_path()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from resolve_relative_path()
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from get_oid_with_context_1()
>       sha1-name.c: add repo_get_oid()
>       submodule-config.c: use repo_get_oid for reading .gitmodules
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from other get_oid_*
>       sha1-name.c: remove the_repo from get_oid_mb()
>       parse-options: don't emit "ambiguous option" for aliases
>       submodule--helper: add a missing \n
>       diff-parseopt: correct variable types that are used by parseopt
>       diff-parseopt: restore -U (no argument) behavior
>       parse-options: check empty value in OPT_INTEGER and OPT_ABBREV
>
> Paul-Sebastian Ungureanu (17):
>       sha1-name.c: add `get_oidf()` which acts like `get_oid()`
>       strbuf.c: add `strbuf_join_argv()`
>       strbuf.c: add `strbuf_insertf()` and `strbuf_vinsertf()`
>       t3903: modernize style
>       stash: rename test cases to be more descriptive
>       stash: add tests for `git stash show` config
>       stash: mention options in `show` synopsis
>       stash: convert list to builtin
>       stash: convert show to builtin
>       stash: convert store to builtin
>       stash: convert create to builtin
>       stash: convert push to builtin
>       stash: make push -q quiet
>       stash: convert save to builtin
>       stash: optimize `get_untracked_files()` and `check_changes()`
>       stash: replace all `write-tree` child processes with API calls
>       stash: convert `stash--helper.c` into `stash.c`
>
> Philip Oakley (2):
>       rerere doc: quote `rerere.enabled`
>       describe doc: remove '7-char' abbreviation reference
>
> Phillip Wood (21):
>       am/cherry-pick/rebase/revert: document --rerere-autoupdate
>       merge: tweak --rerere-autoupdate documentation
>       sequencer: break some long lines
>       cherry-pick: demonstrate option amnesia
>       cherry-pick --continue: remember options
>       commit/reset: try to clean up sequencer state
>       fix cherry-pick/revert status after commit
>       sequencer: fix cleanup with --signoff and -x
>       sequencer.c: save and restore cleanup mode
>       sequencer: always discard index after checkout
>       rebase: don't translate trace strings
>       rebase: rename write_basic_state()
>       rebase: use OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE()
>       rebase -i: combine rebase--interactive.c with rebase.c
>       rebase -i: remove duplication
>       rebase -i: use struct commit when parsing options
>       rebase -i: use struct object_id for squash_onto
>       rebase -i: use struct rebase_options to parse args
>       rebase -i: use struct rebase_options in do_interactive_rebase()
>       rebase: use a common action enum
>       rebase -i: run without forking rebase--interactive
>
> Ramsay Jones (2):
>       prune-packed: check for too many arguments
>       Makefile: fix 'hdr-check' when GCRYPT not installed
>
> René Scharfe (1):
>       get-tar-commit-id: parse comment record
>
> Robert P. J. Day (3):
>       mention use of "hooks.allownonascii" in "man githooks"
>       docs/git-gc: fix typo "--prune=all" to "--prune=now"
>       attr.c: ".gitattribute" -> ".gitattributes" (comments)
>
> Rohit Ashiwal (3):
>       test functions: add function `test_file_not_empty`
>       t3600: modernize style
>       t3600: use helpers to replace test -d/f/e/s <path>
>
> SZEDER Gábor (27):
>       test-lib: fix interrupt handling with 'dash' and '--verbose-log -x'
>       t/lib-git-daemon: make sure to kill the 'git-daemon' process
>       tests: use 'test_atexit' to stop httpd
>       t0301-credential-cache: use 'test_atexit' to stop the credentials helper
>       git p4 test: clean up the p4d cleanup functions
>       git p4 test: simplify timeout handling
>       git p4 test: disable '-x' tracing in the p4d watchdog loop
>       t9811-git-p4-label-import: fix pipeline negation
>       t5318-commit-graph: remove unused variable
>       Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt: fix formatting
>       Documentation/technical/api-config.txt: fix formatting
>       Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt: fix formatting
>       ci: install Asciidoctor in 'ci/install-dependencies.sh'
>       index-pack: show progress while checking objects
>       ci: stick with Asciidoctor v1.5.8 for now
>       ci: fix AsciiDoc/Asciidoctor stderr check in the documentation build job
>       progress: make display_progress() return void
>       progress: assemble percentage and counters in a strbuf before printing
>       blame: default to HEAD in a bare repo when no start commit is given
>       builtin rebase: use FREE_AND_NULL
>       builtin rebase: use oideq()
>       progress: clear previous progress update dynamically
>       progress: break too long progress bar lines
>       ci: install 'libsvn-perl' instead of 'git-svn'
>       trace2: rename environment variables to GIT_TRACE2*
>       trace2: document the supported values of GIT_TRACE2* env variables
>       progress: avoid empty line when breaking the progress line
>
> Sun Chao (2):
>       pack-redundant: delete redundant code
>       pack-redundant: new algorithm to find min packs
>
> Sven Strickroth (1):
>       MSVC: include compat/win32/path-utils.h for MSVC, too, for real_path()
>
> Tanushree Tumane (1):
>       mingw: remove obsolete IPv6-related code
>
> Taylor Blau (4):
>       t: move 'hex2oct' into test-lib-functions.sh
>       t: introduce tests for unexpected object types
>       list-objects.c: handle unexpected non-blob entries
>       list-objects.c: handle unexpected non-tree entries
>
> Thomas Gummerer (15):
>       move worktree tests to t24*
>       entry: factor out unlink_entry function
>       entry: support CE_WT_REMOVE flag in checkout_entry
>       read-cache: add invalidate parameter to remove_marked_cache_entries
>       checkout: clarify comment
>       checkout: factor out mark_cache_entry_for_checkout function
>       checkout: introduce --{,no-}overlay option
>       checkout: introduce checkout.overlayMode config
>       revert "checkout: introduce checkout.overlayMode config"
>       ident: don't require calling prepare_fallback_ident first
>       stash: drop unused parameter
>       stash: pass pathspec as pointer
>       glossary: add definition for overlay
>       stash: setup default diff output format if necessary
>       ls-files: use correct format string
>
> Todd Zullinger (9):
>       t4038-diff-combined: quote paths with whitespace
>       t9902: test multiple removals via completion.commands
>       completion: use __git when calling --list-cmds
>       Documentation/rev-list-options: wrap --date=<format> block with "--"
>       Documentation/git-status: fix titles in porcelain v2 section
>       Documentation/git-svn: improve asciidoctor compatibility
>       Documentation/git-show-branch: avoid literal {apostrophe}
>       test-lib: try harder to ensure a working jgit
>       RelNotes: minor typo fixes in 2.22.0 draft
>
> Torsten Bögershausen (1):
>       trace2: NULL is not allowed for va_list
>
> Trần Ngọc Quân (1):
>       l10n: Updated Vietnamese translation for v2.21 rd2
>
> Vadim Kochan (1):
>       autoconf: #include <libintl.h> when checking for gettext()
>
> William Hubbs (1):
>       config: allow giving separate author and committer idents
>
> Yash Bhatambare (1):
>       gitattributes.txt: fix typo
>
> brian m. carlson (35):
>       t/lib-submodule-update: use appropriate length constant
>       khash: move oid hash table definition
>       pack-bitmap: make bitmap header handling hash agnostic
>       pack-bitmap: convert struct stored_bitmap to object_id
>       pack-bitmap: replace sha1_to_hex
>       pack-bitmap: switch hard-coded constants to the_hash_algo
>       pack-bitmap: switch hash tables to use struct object_id
>       submodule: avoid hard-coded constants
>       notes-merge: switch to use the_hash_algo
>       notes: make hash size independent
>       notes: replace sha1_to_hex
>       object-store: rename and expand packed_git's sha1 member
>       builtin/name-rev: make hash-size independent
>       fast-import: make hash-size independent
>       fast-import: replace sha1_to_hex
>       builtin/am: make hash size independent
>       builtin/pull: make hash-size independent
>       http-push: convert to use the_hash_algo
>       http-backend: allow 64-character hex names
>       http-push: remove remaining uses of sha1_to_hex
>       http-walker: replace sha1_to_hex
>       http: replace hard-coded constant with the_hash_algo
>       http: compute hash of downloaded objects using the_hash_algo
>       http: replace sha1_to_hex
>       remote-curl: make hash size independent
>       hash: add a function to lookup hash algorithm by length
>       builtin/get-tar-commit-id: make hash size independent
>       archive: convert struct archiver_args to object_id
>       refspec: make hash size independent
>       builtin/difftool: use parse_oid_hex
>       dir: make untracked cache extension hash size independent
>       read-cache: read data in a hash-independent way
>       Git.pm: make hash size independent
>       gitweb: make hash size independent
>       send-email: default to quoted-printable when CR is present
>
> Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason (44):
>       receive-pack: fix use-after-free bug
>       commit-graph tests: split up corrupt_graph_and_verify()
>       commit-graph tests: test a graph that's too small
>       Makefile: remove an out-of-date comment
>       Makefile: move "strip" assignment down from flags
>       Makefile: add/remove comments at top and tweak whitespace
>       Makefile: Move *_LIBS assignment into its own section
>       Makefile: move the setting of *FLAGS closer to "include"
>       Makefile: allow for combining DEVELOPER=1 and CFLAGS="..."
>       gc: remove redundant check for gc_auto_threshold
>       gc: convert to using the_hash_algo
>       gc: refactor a "call me once" pattern
>       reflog tests: make use of "test_config" idiom
>       reflog tests: test for the "points nowhere" warning
>       rebase: remove the rebase.useBuiltin setting
>       gc docs: modernize the advice for manually running "gc"
>       gc docs: stop noting "repack" flags
>       gc docs: clean grammar for "gc.bigPackThreshold"
>       commit-graph: fix segfault on e.g. "git status"
>       commit-graph: don't early exit(1) on e.g. "git status"
>       commit-graph: don't pass filename to load_commit_graph_one_fd_st()
>       commit-graph verify: detect inability to read the graph
>       commit-graph write: don't die if the existing graph is corrupt
>       commit-graph: improve & i18n error messages
>       reflog tests: assert lack of early exit with expiry="never"
>       gc: handle & check gc.reflogExpire config
>       test-lib: whitelist GIT_TR2_* in the environment
>       gc docs: include the "gc.*" section from "config" in "gc"
>       gc docs: re-flow the "gc.*" section in "config"
>       gc docs: fix formatting for "gc.writeCommitGraph"
>       gc docs: note how --aggressive impacts --window & --depth
>       gc docs: downplay the usefulness of --aggressive
>       gc docs: note "gc --aggressive" in "fast-import"
>       gc docs: clarify that "gc" doesn't throw away referenced objects
>       gc docs: remove incorrect reference to gc.auto=0
>       perf README: correct docs for 3c8f12c96c regression
>       perf aggregate: remove GIT_TEST_INSTALLED from --codespeed
>       perf-lib.sh: make "./run <revisions>" use the correct gits
>       perf-lib.sh: remove GIT_TEST_INSTALLED from perf-lib.sh
>       perf tests: add "bindir" prefix to git tree test results
>       perf-lib.sh: forbid the use of GIT_TEST_INSTALLED
>       trace2: fix up a missing "leave" entry point
>       trace2: fix up a missing "leave" entry point
>       sha1dc: update from upstream
>
> İsmail Dönmez (2):
>       mingw: do not let ld strip relocations
>       mingw: enable DEP and ASLR
>