[RFC PATCH v4 1/3] t: regression git needs safe.directory when using sudo

["Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón" <carenas@gmail.com>]

Originally reported after release of v2.35.2 (and other maint branches)
for CVE-2022-24765 and blocking otherwise harmless commands that were
done using sudo in a repository that was owned by the user.

Add a new test script with very basic support to allow running git
commands through sudo, so a reproduction could be implemented and that
uses only `git status` as a proxy of the issue reported.

Note that because of the way sudo interacts with the system, a much
more complete integration with the test framework will require a lot
more work and that was therefore intentionally punted for now.

The current implementation requires the execution of a special cleanup
function which should always be kept as the last "test" or otherwise
the standard cleanup functions will fail because they can't remove
the root owned directories that are used.  This also means that if
failures are found while running, the specifics of the failure might
not be kept for further debugging and if the test was interrupted, it
will be necessary to clean the working directory manually before
restarting by running:

  $ sudo rm -rf trash\ directory.t0034-root-safe-directory/

The test file also uses at least one initial "setup" test that creates
a parallel execution directory, while ignoring the repository created
by the test framework, and special care should be taken when invoking
commands through sudo, since the environment is otherwise independent
from what the test framework expects.  Indeed `git status` was used
as a proxy because it doesn't even require commits in the repository
to work.

A new SUDO prerequisite is provided that does some sanity checking
to make sure the sudo command that will be used allows for passwordless
execution as root without restrictions and doesn't mess with git's
execution path.  This matches what is provided by the macOS agents that
are used as part of GitHub actions and probably nowhere else.

Most of those characteristics make this test mostly suitable only for
CI, but it might be executed locally if special care is taken to provide
for some of them in the local configuration and maybe making use of the
sudo credential cache by first invoking sudo, entering your password if
needed, and then invoking the test with:

  $ GIT_TEST_ALLOW_SUDO=YES ./t0034-root-safe-directory.sh

If it fails to run, then it means your local setup wouldn't work for the
test and things that might help is to comment out sudo's secure_path config
and make sure your account has similar privileges than what the CI
provides (for example an entry in /etc/sudoers for the user marta like)

  marta	ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

Reported-by: SZEDER Gábor <szeder.dev@gmail.com>
Helped-by: Phillip Wood <phillip.wood123@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón <carenas@gmail.com>
---
 t/t0034-root-safe-directory.sh | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 t/t0034-root-safe-directory.sh

diff --git a/t/t0034-root-safe-directory.sh b/t/t0034-root-safe-directory.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2e4492a66d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0034-root-safe-directory.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='verify safe.directory checks while running as root'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if [ "$GIT_TEST_ALLOW_SUDO" != "YES" ]
+then
+	skip_all="You must set env var GIT_TEST_ALLOW_SUDO=YES in order to run this test"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_lazy_prereq SUDO '
+	sudo -n id -u >u &&
+	id -u root >r &&
+	test_cmp u r &&
+	command -v git >u &&
+	sudo command -v git >r &&
+	test_cmp u r
+'
+
+test_expect_success SUDO 'setup' '
+	sudo rm -rf root &&
+	mkdir -p root/r &&
+	sudo chown root root &&
+	(
+		cd root/r &&
+		git init
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure SUDO 'sudo git status as original owner' '
+	(
+		cd root/r &&
+		git status &&
+		sudo git status
+	)
+'
+
+# this MUST be always the last test
+test_expect_success SUDO 'cleanup' '
+	sudo rm -rf root
+'
+
+test_done
-- 
2.36.1.371.g0fb0ef0c8d