I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason]

Here's a flamegraph of where git's test suite spends its time on my box:
https://vm.nix.is/~avar/noindex/git-tests.svg

I hacked up a script for this today to plot trace2 production data, as
noted there it's at:
https://github.com/avar/FlameGraph/tree/stackcollapse-git-tr2-event

What are flamegraphs? See http://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html

As noted in TODOs in the script there's various stuff I'd like to do
better, and this also shows how we need a lot more trace regions to get
granular data.

But it's already quite cool, and I'll keep improving it. I'll submit a
PR to Brendan's parent repo once I'm happy enough with it, I figure it
makes more sense there than in git.git, but maybe we'd eventually want
to teach the test suite to optionally use something like this.

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Derrick Stolee]

On 5/10/2019 11:09 AM, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
> Here's a flamegraph of where git's test suite spends its time on my box:
> https://vm.nix.is/~avar/noindex/git-tests.svg
> 
> I hacked up a script for this today to plot trace2 production data, as
> noted there it's at:
> https://github.com/avar/FlameGraph/tree/stackcollapse-git-tr2-event
> 
> What are flamegraphs? See http://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html
> 
> As noted in TODOs in the script there's various stuff I'd like to do
> better, and this also shows how we need a lot more trace regions to get
> granular data.
> 
> But it's already quite cool, and I'll keep improving it. I'll submit a
> PR to Brendan's parent repo once I'm happy enough with it, I figure it
> makes more sense there than in git.git, but maybe we'd eventually want
> to teach the test suite to optionally use something like this.

This is a neat idea. Thanks!

For anyone else giving this a try, here are the steps I took to create
my own [1], much smaller test:

# run some tests
export GIT_TR2_EVENT=~/git-tr2-event.txt
git fetch --all
git gc
git push

# get the FlameGraph repo
git clone https://github.com/avar/FlameGraph.git
cd FlameGraph

(
    # Get the proper perl packages, if you don't have them
    sudo apt install cpanminus
    sudo cpanm install JSON::XS
)

./stackcollapse-git-tr2-event.pl ~/git-tr2-event.txt | ./flamegraph.pl >git-test.svg


[1] https://github.com/derrickstolee/FlameGraph/blob/git-test/git-test.svg

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[SZEDER Gábor]

On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 12:38:52PM -0400, Derrick Stolee wrote:
> export GIT_TR2_EVENT=~/git-tr2-event.txt

Hrm,  better late than never, or at least better late than after it's
in a release...

Why does an environment variable that is supposed to be set by users
have this "TR2" abbreviation in its prefix?  What exactly, if
anything, did we gain by omitting "ACE" and not calling it
"GIT_TRACE2_..."?

Ken Thompson springs to mind, who (allegedly?) later regretted
spelling creat()/O_CREAT without the 'e'...

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Jeff Hostetler]

On 5/10/2019 1:00 PM, SZEDER Gábor wrote:
> On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 12:38:52PM -0400, Derrick Stolee wrote:
>> export GIT_TR2_EVENT=~/git-tr2-event.txt
> 
> Hrm,  better late than never, or at least better late than after it's
> in a release...
> 
> Why does an environment variable that is supposed to be set by users
> have this "TR2" abbreviation in its prefix?  What exactly, if
> anything, did we gain by omitting "ACE" and not calling it
> "GIT_TRACE2_..."?
> 
> Ken Thompson springs to mind, who (allegedly?) later regretted
> spelling creat()/O_CREAT without the 'e'...
> 

For closure here on this thread.  I chose TR2 rather than TRACE2
somewhat at random for convenience during testing.  Changing is fine
as you suggest in your other patch series.

Thanks
Jeff

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Jeff King]

On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 05:09:58PM +0200, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:

> As noted in TODOs in the script there's various stuff I'd like to do
> better, and this also shows how we need a lot more trace regions to get
> granular data.

Hmm. My gut reaction was: doesn't "perf record -g make test" already
give us that granular data? I know "perf" isn't available everywhere,
but the idea of the FlameGraph repo is that it takes input from a lot of
sources (though I don't know if it supports any Windows-specific formats
yet, which is presumably a point of interesting to trace-2 authors).

But having generated such a flamegraph, it's not all that helpful. It
mainly tells us that we spend a lot of time on fork/exec. Which is no
surprise, since the test suite is geared not towards heavy workloads,
but lots of tiny functionality tests.

TBH, I'm not sure that flame-graphing the test suite is going to be all
that useful in the long run. It's going to be heavily weighted by the
types of things the test suite does. Flamegraphs are good for
understanding where your time is going for a particular workload, but
the workload of the test suite is not that interesting.

And once you do have a particular workload of interest that you can
replay, then I think the granular "perf" results really can be helpful.

I think the trace2 flamegraph would be most useful if you were
collecting across a broad spectrum of workloads done by a user. You
_can_ do that with perf or similar tools, but it can be a bit awkward.
I do wonder how painful it would be to alias "git" to "perf record git"
for a day or something.

-Peff

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason]

On Fri, May 10 2019, Jeff King wrote:

> On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 05:09:58PM +0200, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
>
>> As noted in TODOs in the script there's various stuff I'd like to do
>> better, and this also shows how we need a lot more trace regions to get
>> granular data.
>
> Hmm. My gut reaction was: doesn't "perf record -g make test" already
> give us that granular data? I know "perf" isn't available everywhere,
> but the idea of the FlameGraph repo is that it takes input from a lot of
> sources (though I don't know if it supports any Windows-specific formats
> yet, which is presumably a point of interesting to trace-2 authors).
>
> But having generated such a flamegraph, it's not all that helpful. It
> mainly tells us that we spend a lot of time on fork/exec. Which is no
> surprise, since the test suite is geared not towards heavy workloads,
> but lots of tiny functionality tests.
>
> TBH, I'm not sure that flame-graphing the test suite is going to be all
> that useful in the long run. It's going to be heavily weighted by the
> types of things the test suite does. Flamegraphs are good for
> understanding where your time is going for a particular workload, but
> the workload of the test suite is not that interesting.
>
> And once you do have a particular workload of interest that you can
> replay, then I think the granular "perf" results really can be helpful.
>
> I think the trace2 flamegraph would be most useful if you were
> collecting across a broad spectrum of workloads done by a user. You
> _can_ do that with perf or similar tools, but it can be a bit awkward.
> I do wonder how painful it would be to alias "git" to "perf record git"
> for a day or something.

Yeah I should have mentioned that I'm mainly linking to the test suite
rendering as a demo.

My actual use-case for this is to see what production nodes are spending
their time on, similar to what Microsoft is doing with their use of this
facility.

The test suite serves as a really good test-case for the output, and to
stress-test my aggregation script, since we're pretty much guaranteed to
run all our commands, and cover a lot of unusual cases.

It also shows that we've got a long way to go in improving the trace2
facility, i.e. adding region enter/leave for some of the things we spend
the most time on.

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Jeff Hostetler]

On 5/10/2019 5:57 PM, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
> 
> On Fri, May 10 2019, Jeff King wrote:
> 
>> On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 05:09:58PM +0200, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
>>
>>> As noted in TODOs in the script there's various stuff I'd like to do
>>> better, and this also shows how we need a lot more trace regions to get
>>> granular data.
>>
>> Hmm. My gut reaction was: doesn't "perf record -g make test" already
>> give us that granular data? I know "perf" isn't available everywhere,
>> but the idea of the FlameGraph repo is that it takes input from a lot of
>> sources (though I don't know if it supports any Windows-specific formats
>> yet, which is presumably a point of interesting to trace-2 authors).
>>
>> But having generated such a flamegraph, it's not all that helpful. It
>> mainly tells us that we spend a lot of time on fork/exec. Which is no
>> surprise, since the test suite is geared not towards heavy workloads,
>> but lots of tiny functionality tests.
>>
>> TBH, I'm not sure that flame-graphing the test suite is going to be all
>> that useful in the long run. It's going to be heavily weighted by the
>> types of things the test suite does. Flamegraphs are good for
>> understanding where your time is going for a particular workload, but
>> the workload of the test suite is not that interesting.
>>
>> And once you do have a particular workload of interest that you can
>> replay, then I think the granular "perf" results really can be helpful.
>>
>> I think the trace2 flamegraph would be most useful if you were
>> collecting across a broad spectrum of workloads done by a user. You
>> _can_ do that with perf or similar tools, but it can be a bit awkward.
>> I do wonder how painful it would be to alias "git" to "perf record git"
>> for a day or something.
> 
> Yeah I should have mentioned that I'm mainly linking to the test suite
> rendering as a demo.
> 
> My actual use-case for this is to see what production nodes are spending
> their time on, similar to what Microsoft is doing with their use of this
> facility.
> 
> The test suite serves as a really good test-case for the output, and to
> stress-test my aggregation script, since we're pretty much guaranteed to
> run all our commands, and cover a lot of unusual cases.
> 
> It also shows that we've got a long way to go in improving the trace2
> facility, i.e. adding region enter/leave for some of the things we spend
> the most time on.
> 

Very nice!

Yes, there is more work to do to add more regions to get more
granular data for interesting/problematic things.  My primary
goal in this phase has been to get the basic machinery in place
and be vetted with some universally interesting regions, such as
reading/writing the index and the phases of status.

Going forward, we can trivially (permanently) add new regions as we
want.  I tend to use temporary "experimental" regions during my perf
investigations so that I don't clutter up the mainline source with
uninteresting noise.

WRT the TODO's in your script:

[] I don't think data events will be useful for your usage.  The data
values are orthogonal to the time values.

[] I would add the child_start/_exit events to the stack.  This will
give you the names of non-builtin/shell commands and hooks.  The
various "child_class" and "use_shell" and "hook_name" fields will help
you avoid duplicate stack frames (which you'll get for builtin
commands).

Jeff

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason]

On Mon, May 20 2019, Jeff Hostetler wrote:

> On 5/10/2019 5:57 PM, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
>>
>> On Fri, May 10 2019, Jeff King wrote:
>>
>>> On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 05:09:58PM +0200, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
>>>
>>>> As noted in TODOs in the script there's various stuff I'd like to do
>>>> better, and this also shows how we need a lot more trace regions to get
>>>> granular data.
>>>
>>> Hmm. My gut reaction was: doesn't "perf record -g make test" already
>>> give us that granular data? I know "perf" isn't available everywhere,
>>> but the idea of the FlameGraph repo is that it takes input from a lot of
>>> sources (though I don't know if it supports any Windows-specific formats
>>> yet, which is presumably a point of interesting to trace-2 authors).
>>>
>>> But having generated such a flamegraph, it's not all that helpful. It
>>> mainly tells us that we spend a lot of time on fork/exec. Which is no
>>> surprise, since the test suite is geared not towards heavy workloads,
>>> but lots of tiny functionality tests.
>>>
>>> TBH, I'm not sure that flame-graphing the test suite is going to be all
>>> that useful in the long run. It's going to be heavily weighted by the
>>> types of things the test suite does. Flamegraphs are good for
>>> understanding where your time is going for a particular workload, but
>>> the workload of the test suite is not that interesting.
>>>
>>> And once you do have a particular workload of interest that you can
>>> replay, then I think the granular "perf" results really can be helpful.
>>>
>>> I think the trace2 flamegraph would be most useful if you were
>>> collecting across a broad spectrum of workloads done by a user. You
>>> _can_ do that with perf or similar tools, but it can be a bit awkward.
>>> I do wonder how painful it would be to alias "git" to "perf record git"
>>> for a day or something.
>>
>> Yeah I should have mentioned that I'm mainly linking to the test suite
>> rendering as a demo.
>>
>> My actual use-case for this is to see what production nodes are spending
>> their time on, similar to what Microsoft is doing with their use of this
>> facility.
>>
>> The test suite serves as a really good test-case for the output, and to
>> stress-test my aggregation script, since we're pretty much guaranteed to
>> run all our commands, and cover a lot of unusual cases.
>>
>> It also shows that we've got a long way to go in improving the trace2
>> facility, i.e. adding region enter/leave for some of the things we spend
>> the most time on.
>>
>
> Very nice!
>
> Yes, there is more work to do to add more regions to get more
> granular data for interesting/problematic things.  My primary
> goal in this phase has been to get the basic machinery in place
> and be vetted with some universally interesting regions, such as
> reading/writing the index and the phases of status.
>
> Going forward, we can trivially (permanently) add new regions as we
> want.  I tend to use temporary "experimental" regions during my perf
> investigations so that I don't clutter up the mainline source with
> uninteresting noise.

Indeed, a lot more regions are needed.

> WRT the TODO's in your script:
>
> [] I don't think data events will be useful for your usage.  The data
> values are orthogonal to the time values.

I haven't done this, so I'm not asserting that it's useful, but from
some brief grepping a few datapoints are overwhelmingly common, and can
be faked up into regions of sorts for the purposes of a flamegraph.

E.g. "git checkout" will reliably have read/version early on, and then
write/version, in that case mostly/entirely redundant to the
do_{read,write}_index region, but in general I think we'll be able to
loosely plot data points say as "given the median runtime, here's the
median % of time into the command we first encounter this data point".

> [] I would add the child_start/_exit events to the stack.  This will
> give you the names of non-builtin/shell commands and hooks.  The
> various "child_class" and "use_shell" and "hook_name" fields will help
> you avoid duplicate stack frames (which you'll get for builtin
> commands).

Yeah that's very useful. Any reason not to do something like this:

    diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
    index 1bf9c94550..6c926ae013 100644
    --- a/git.c
    +++ b/git.c
    @@ -698 +698 @@ static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
    -       trace2_cmd_name("_run_dashed_");
    +       trace2_cmd_name(is_builtin(argv[0]) ? argv[0] : "_run_dashed_");

I haven't tested, but we e.g. report 'git-submodule' as just
'_run_dashed_', seems we could do better...

Re: I made a flame graph renderer for git's trace2 output

[Jeff Hostetler]

On 5/21/2019 10:19 AM, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
> 
> On Mon, May 20 2019, Jeff Hostetler wrote:
> 
>> On 5/10/2019 5:57 PM, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
>>>
>>> On Fri, May 10 2019, Jeff King wrote:
>>>
>>>> On Fri, May 10, 2019 at 05:09:58PM +0200, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> As noted in TODOs in the script there's various stuff I'd like to do
>>>>> better, and this also shows how we need a lot more trace regions to get
>>>>> granular data.
>>>>
>>>> Hmm. My gut reaction was: doesn't "perf record -g make test" already
>>>> give us that granular data? I know "perf" isn't available everywhere,
>>>> but the idea of the FlameGraph repo is that it takes input from a lot of
>>>> sources (though I don't know if it supports any Windows-specific formats
>>>> yet, which is presumably a point of interesting to trace-2 authors).
>>>>
>>>> But having generated such a flamegraph, it's not all that helpful. It
>>>> mainly tells us that we spend a lot of time on fork/exec. Which is no
>>>> surprise, since the test suite is geared not towards heavy workloads,
>>>> but lots of tiny functionality tests.
>>>>
>>>> TBH, I'm not sure that flame-graphing the test suite is going to be all
>>>> that useful in the long run. It's going to be heavily weighted by the
>>>> types of things the test suite does. Flamegraphs are good for
>>>> understanding where your time is going for a particular workload, but
>>>> the workload of the test suite is not that interesting.
>>>>
>>>> And once you do have a particular workload of interest that you can
>>>> replay, then I think the granular "perf" results really can be helpful.
>>>>
>>>> I think the trace2 flamegraph would be most useful if you were
>>>> collecting across a broad spectrum of workloads done by a user. You
>>>> _can_ do that with perf or similar tools, but it can be a bit awkward.
>>>> I do wonder how painful it would be to alias "git" to "perf record git"
>>>> for a day or something.
>>>
>>> Yeah I should have mentioned that I'm mainly linking to the test suite
>>> rendering as a demo.
>>>
>>> My actual use-case for this is to see what production nodes are spending
>>> their time on, similar to what Microsoft is doing with their use of this
>>> facility.
>>>
>>> The test suite serves as a really good test-case for the output, and to
>>> stress-test my aggregation script, since we're pretty much guaranteed to
>>> run all our commands, and cover a lot of unusual cases.
>>>
>>> It also shows that we've got a long way to go in improving the trace2
>>> facility, i.e. adding region enter/leave for some of the things we spend
>>> the most time on.
>>>
>>
>> Very nice!
>>
>> Yes, there is more work to do to add more regions to get more
>> granular data for interesting/problematic things.  My primary
>> goal in this phase has been to get the basic machinery in place
>> and be vetted with some universally interesting regions, such as
>> reading/writing the index and the phases of status.
>>
>> Going forward, we can trivially (permanently) add new regions as we
>> want.  I tend to use temporary "experimental" regions during my perf
>> investigations so that I don't clutter up the mainline source with
>> uninteresting noise.
> 
> Indeed, a lot more regions are needed.
> 
>> WRT the TODO's in your script:
>>
>> [] I don't think data events will be useful for your usage.  The data
>> values are orthogonal to the time values.
> 
> I haven't done this, so I'm not asserting that it's useful, but from
> some brief grepping a few datapoints are overwhelmingly common, and can
> be faked up into regions of sorts for the purposes of a flamegraph.
> 
> E.g. "git checkout" will reliably have read/version early on, and then
> write/version, in that case mostly/entirely redundant to the
> do_{read,write}_index region, but in general I think we'll be able to
> loosely plot data points say as "given the median runtime, here's the
> median % of time into the command we first encounter this data point".

Interesting.  I was thinking of just the data value itself, rather than
the time when it was emitted.

> 
>> [] I would add the child_start/_exit events to the stack.  This will
>> give you the names of non-builtin/shell commands and hooks.  The
>> various "child_class" and "use_shell" and "hook_name" fields will help
>> you avoid duplicate stack frames (which you'll get for builtin
>> commands).
> 
> Yeah that's very useful. Any reason not to do something like this:
> 
>      diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
>      index 1bf9c94550..6c926ae013 100644
>      --- a/git.c
>      +++ b/git.c
>      @@ -698 +698 @@ static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
>      -       trace2_cmd_name("_run_dashed_");
>      +       trace2_cmd_name(is_builtin(argv[0]) ? argv[0] : "_run_dashed_");
> 
> I haven't tested, but we e.g. report 'git-submodule' as just
> '_run_dashed_', seems we could do better...
> 

The whole dispatch logic is a bit of a confusing mess between implicit
dashed commands, the various types of alias expansion, fallback, and
etc, so I'm a little cautious here.  What I'm reporting here is that
the current process is not directly doing anything -- just spawning
(or trying to spawn) a dashed command.  If that dashed command is bogus,
we may fallback and try an alias expansion (which is also spawned even
if it is a builtin command).

For dashed commands that resolve to builtin commands, we will get trace2
data from the child process itself, so we can ignore the data for the
_run_dashed_ process completely (when we are OK with ignoring process
spawning overhead).

For dashed commands that are shell scripts, we won't get any trace2 data
for the script itself, but we will get events for any git commands that
the script runs.  These are somewhat confusingly attributed to the
_run_dashed_ process.  It might be more useful to emit something like:
      "%s:%s, "_run_dashed_", cmd.args.argv[0]
but I'm not sure I want to suggest that yet.

You might try something like this:

$ git config --local --add alias.xxx "log --oneline"
$ export GIT_TR2_PERF=1
$ ./git --exec-path=. xxx
$ ./git --exec-path=. submodule status

and see how the different processes are started.

Jeff