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From: "Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget" <gitgitgadget@gmail.com>
To: git@vger.kernel.org
Cc: me@ttaylorr.com, gitster@pobox.com, l.s.r@web.de,
	szeder.dev@gmail.com, Derrick Stolee <derrickstolee@github.com>,
	Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Subject: [PATCH 17/17] chunk-format: add technical docs
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 2021 16:01:26 +0000	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <05cbd0a8d93a3e54d868a549fe76e16cb75ba6d6.1611676886.git.gitgitgadget@gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <pull.848.git.1611676886.gitgitgadget@gmail.com>

From: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>

The chunk-based file format is now an API in the code, but we should
also take time to document it as a file format. Specifically, it matches
the CHUNK LOOKUP sections of the commit-graph and multi-pack-index
files, but there are some commonalities that should be grouped in this
document.

Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
---
 Documentation/technical/chunk-format.txt      | 54 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../technical/commit-graph-format.txt         |  3 ++
 Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt       |  3 ++
 3 files changed, 60 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/technical/chunk-format.txt

diff --git a/Documentation/technical/chunk-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/chunk-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3db3792dea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/chunk-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Chunk-based file formats
+========================
+
+Some file formats in Git use a common concept of "chunks" to describe
+sections of the file. This allows structured access to a large file by
+scanning a small "table of contents" for the remaining data. This common
+format is used by the `commit-graph` and `multi-pack-index` files. See
+link:technical/pack-format.html[the `multi-pack-index` format] and
+link:technical/commit-graph-format.html[the `commit-graph` format] for
+how they use the chunks to describe structured data.
+
+A chunk-based file format begins with some header information custom to
+that format. That header should include enough information to identify
+the file type, format version, and number of chunks in the file. From this
+information, that file can determine the start of the chunk-based region.
+
+The chunk-based region starts with a table of contents describing where
+each chunk starts and ends. This consists of (C+1) rows of 12 bytes each,
+where C is the number of chunks. Consider the following table:
+
+  | Chunk ID (4 bytes) | Chunk Offset (8 bytes) |
+  |--------------------|------------------------|
+  | ID[0]              | OFFSET[0]              |
+  | ...                | ...                    |
+  | ID[C]              | OFFSET[C]              |
+  | 0x0000             | OFFSET[C+1]            |
+
+Each row consists of a 4-byte chunk identifier (ID) and an 8-byte offset.
+Each integer is stored in network-byte order.
+
+The chunk identifier `ID[i]` is a label for the data stored within this
+fill from `OFFSET[i]` (inclusive) to `OFFSET[i+1]` (exclusive). Thus, the
+size of the `i`th chunk is equal to the difference between `OFFSET[i+1]`
+and `OFFSET[i]`. This requires that the chunk data appears contiguously
+in the same order as the table of contents.
+
+The final entry in the table of contents must be four zero bytes. This
+confirms that the table of contents is ending and provides the offset for
+the end of the chunk-based data.
+
+Note: The chunk-based format expects that the file contains _at least_ a
+trailing hash after `OFFSET[C+1]`.
+
+Functions for working with chunk-based file formats are declared in
+`chunk-format.h`. Using these methods provide extra checks that assist
+developers when creating new file formats, including:
+
+ 1. Writing and reading the table of contents.
+
+ 2. Verifying that the data written in a chunk matches the expected size
+    that was recorded in the table of contents.
+
+ 3. Checking that a table of contents describes offsets properly within
+    the file boundaries.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
index b6658eff188..87971c27dd7 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ CHUNK LOOKUP:
       the length using the next chunk position if necessary.) Each chunk
       ID appears at most once.
 
+  The CHUNK LOOKUP matches the table of contents from
+  link:technical/chunk-format.html[the chunk-based file format].
+
   The remaining data in the body is described one chunk at a time, and
   these chunks may be given in any order. Chunks are required unless
   otherwise specified.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index f96b2e605f3..2fb1e60d29e 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -301,6 +301,9 @@ CHUNK LOOKUP:
 	    (Chunks are provided in file-order, so you can infer the length
 	    using the next chunk position if necessary.)
 
+	The CHUNK LOOKUP matches the table of contents from
+	link:technical/chunk-format.html[the chunk-based file format].
+
 	The remaining data in the body is described one chunk at a time, and
 	these chunks may be given in any order. Chunks are required unless
 	otherwise specified.
-- 
gitgitgadget

  parent reply	other threads:[~2021-01-26 16:04 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 120+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2021-01-26 16:01 [PATCH 00/17] Refactor chunk-format into an API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 01/17] commit-graph: anonymize data in chunk_write_fn Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27  1:53   ` Chris Torek
2021-01-27  2:36     ` Taylor Blau
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 02/17] chunk-format: create chunk format write API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27  2:42   ` Taylor Blau
2021-01-27 13:49     ` Derrick Stolee
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 03/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27  2:47   ` Taylor Blau
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 04/17] midx: rename pack_info to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27  2:49   ` Taylor Blau
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 05/17] midx: use context in write_midx_pack_names() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 06/17] midx: add entries to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 07/17] midx: add pack_perm " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 08/17] midx: add num_large_offsets " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 09/17] midx: return success/failure in chunk write methods Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 10/17] midx: drop chunk progress during write Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 11/17] midx: use chunk-format API in write_midx_internal() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 12/17] chunk-format: create read chunk API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27  3:02   ` Taylor Blau
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 13/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format read API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 14/17] midx: " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27  3:06   ` Taylor Blau
2021-01-27 13:50     ` Derrick Stolee
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 15/17] midx: use 64-bit multiplication for chunk sizes Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` [PATCH 16/17] chunk-format: restore duplicate chunk checks Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-26 16:01 ` Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget [this message]
2021-01-26 22:37 ` [PATCH 00/17] Refactor chunk-format into an API Junio C Hamano
2021-01-27  2:29 ` Taylor Blau
2021-01-27 15:01 ` [PATCH v2 " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 01/17] commit-graph: anonymize data in chunk_write_fn Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 02/17] chunk-format: create chunk format write API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-04 21:24     ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-04 22:40       ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-05 11:37       ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-05 19:25         ` Junio C Hamano
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 03/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 04/17] midx: rename pack_info to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 05/17] midx: use context in write_midx_pack_names() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 06/17] midx: add entries to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 07/17] midx: add pack_perm " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 08/17] midx: add num_large_offsets " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 09/17] midx: return success/failure in chunk write methods Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-04 22:59     ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-05 11:42       ` Derrick Stolee
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 10/17] midx: drop chunk progress during write Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 11/17] midx: use chunk-format API in write_midx_internal() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 12/17] chunk-format: create read chunk API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-04 23:40     ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-05 12:19       ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-05 19:37         ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-08 22:26           ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-09  1:33             ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-09 20:47               ` Junio C Hamano
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 13/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format read API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 14/17] midx: " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 15/17] midx: use 64-bit multiplication for chunk sizes Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05  0:00     ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-05 10:59       ` Chris Torek
2021-02-05 20:41         ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-06 20:35           ` Chris Torek
2021-02-05 12:30       ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-05 19:42         ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-07 19:50       ` SZEDER Gábor
2021-02-08  5:41         ` Junio C Hamano
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 16/17] chunk-format: restore duplicate chunk checks Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05  0:05     ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-05 12:31       ` Derrick Stolee
2021-01-27 15:01   ` [PATCH v2 17/17] chunk-format: add technical docs Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05  0:15     ` Junio C Hamano
2021-01-27 16:03   ` [PATCH v2 00/17] Refactor chunk-format into an API Taylor Blau
2021-02-05  2:08   ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-05  2:27     ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-05 14:30   ` [PATCH v3 " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 01/17] commit-graph: anonymize data in chunk_write_fn Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 02/17] chunk-format: create chunk format write API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-07 21:13       ` SZEDER Gábor
2021-02-08 13:44         ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-11 19:43           ` SZEDER Gábor
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 03/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 04/17] midx: rename pack_info to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 05/17] midx: use context in write_midx_pack_names() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 06/17] midx: add entries to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 07/17] midx: add pack_perm " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 08/17] midx: add num_large_offsets " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 09/17] midx: return success/failure in chunk write methods Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 10/17] midx: drop chunk progress during write Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 11/17] midx: use chunk-format API in write_midx_internal() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 12/17] chunk-format: create read chunk API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-07 20:20       ` SZEDER Gábor
2021-02-08 13:35         ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 13/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format read API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 14/17] midx: " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 15/17] midx: use 64-bit multiplication for chunk sizes Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 16/17] chunk-format: restore duplicate chunk checks Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-05 14:30     ` [PATCH v3 17/17] chunk-format: add technical docs Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07     ` [PATCH v4 00/17] Refactor chunk-format into an API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 01/17] commit-graph: anonymize data in chunk_write_fn Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 02/17] chunk-format: create chunk format write API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 03/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-24 16:52         ` SZEDER Gábor
2021-02-24 17:12           ` Taylor Blau
2021-02-24 17:52             ` Derrick Stolee
2021-02-24 19:44               ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 04/17] midx: rename pack_info to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 05/17] midx: use context in write_midx_pack_names() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 06/17] midx: add entries to write_midx_context Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 07/17] midx: add pack_perm " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 08/17] midx: add num_large_offsets " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 09/17] midx: return success/failure in chunk write methods Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 10/17] midx: drop chunk progress during write Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 11/17] midx: use chunk-format API in write_midx_internal() Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 12/17] chunk-format: create read chunk API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 13/17] commit-graph: use chunk-format read API Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 14/17] midx: " Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 15/17] midx: use 64-bit multiplication for chunk sizes Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 16/17] chunk-format: restore duplicate chunk checks Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 14:07       ` [PATCH v4 17/17] chunk-format: add technical docs Derrick Stolee via GitGitGadget
2021-02-18 21:47         ` Junio C Hamano
2021-02-19 12:42           ` Derrick Stolee

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